Canoe slalom C1 stroke technique during international competitions

Tilden, Molly L.; Oberoi, Avleen R.; Wakeling, James M.

doi:10.1080/14763141.2021.1942968

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, the mechanical, physiological, and technical assessments were conducted mostly with male participants. A recent study by Tilden et al ( 2021 ) identified differences in stroke techniques between male and female athletes in international competitions. Nevertheless, future studies assessing the mechanical, physiological, and technical components of female slalom athletes along with their performance are still necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Mechanical, Physiological, and Technical Parameters With Canoe Slalom Performance: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to systematically review studies that evaluated and compared mechanical, physiological, and technical parameters with the performance of slalom athletes. PubMed, SPORTDiscuss, and Scopus databases were searched until September 10, 2021, with no restriction of published data. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the study's screening and quality assessment performed by an external reviewer using a 16-checklist item. A search of the databases identified 125 studies, but only eight were eligible, including a total sample of 117 male athletes. Four reports only associated mechanical or technical parameters with the performance of the paddler. Concerning the remaining studies, only one correlated physiological data, and the others associated more than one parameter with race time. Most of the eligible reports presented significant associations between mechanical/physiological components and slalom performance. Eligible studies support that high-force development during a slalom race is a relevant parameter for performance. Aerobic metabolism is highly required during slalom tasks and is inversely associated with race time, although it may not increase the chances of winning medals. Few reports have associated canoe slalom performance with technical components, and further research should focus on this matter.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Mechanical, Physiological, and Technical Parameters With Canoe Slalom Performance: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On-side and off-side strokes are asymmetrical to each other. These paddle strokes and transitions are illustrated elsewhere (Figure 1 in Tilden et al, 2021). Male C1M athletes traditionally used cross transitions and offside strokes to paddle on their non-dominant side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male C1M athletes traditionally used cross transitions and offside strokes to paddle on their non-dominant side. Female C1W athletes often use the switching transition, and this technique is being increasingly adopted by both younger and some elite male C1M athletes (Busta, 2020;Tilden et al, 2021). In order to transition the paddle blade across the boat for the up-stream gates, a canoe athlete will need to use at least six to eight cross-or switch transitions in a race, although at least 20 such transitions are typically made (Tilden et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female C1W athletes often use the switching transition, and this technique is being increasingly adopted by both younger and some elite male C1M athletes (Busta, 2020;Tilden et al, 2021). In order to transition the paddle blade across the boat for the up-stream gates, a canoe athlete will need to use at least six to eight cross-or switch transitions in a race, although at least 20 such transitions are typically made (Tilden et al, 2021). A survey of 33 international race runs between 2018 and 2020 showed that each cross transition is about 0.3 s faster than a switching transition (Tilden et al, 2021), and computer simulations predicted that if paddle strokes were of equal strength on the left and right sides of a boat, then the slower switching transition could lead to a small but significant increase in race time (Wakeling et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to transition the paddle blade across the boat for the up-stream gates, a canoe athlete will need to use at least six to eight cross-or switch transitions in a race, although at least 20 such transitions are typically made (Tilden et al, 2021). A survey of 33 international race runs between 2018 and 2020 showed that each cross transition is about 0.3 s faster than a switching transition (Tilden et al, 2021), and computer simulations predicted that if paddle strokes were of equal strength on the left and right sides of a boat, then the slower switching transition could lead to a small but significant increase in race time (Wakeling et al, 2022). Asymmetries in the strength of the strokes (in either C1 and K1 categories) can result in substantial differences in simulated race time (Wakeling et al, 2022) that are greater than the differences in simulated race time caused by cross-or switchingtechniques in C1 (Wakeling et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Asymmetries in paddle force influence choice of stroke type for canoe slalom athletes

Wakeling,

Smiešková,

Pratt

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canoe slalom is an Olympic discipline where athletes race down a whitewater course in kayaks (K1) or canoes (C1) navigating a set of down-stream and up-stream gates. Kayak paddles are symmetrical and have a blade at each end, whereas C1 paddles have only one blade that must be moved across the boat to perform strokes on either the right or left side. Asymmetries in paddle force between the two sides of the boat may lead to a reduction in predicted race time. The purpose of this study was to quantify asymmetries in the paddle forces between the two sides for slalom paddling. Paddle forces for 42 canoe slalom athletes (C1 and K1) were quantified from the straight sections of a flat-water figure-of-eight course. Paddle forces were measured using strain gauges embedded in the paddle shaft, stroke type was identified using video, and boat trajectory was tracked using inertial measurement units and high-speed GPS: data were fused using in-house analysis software. Paddle forces were quantified by their peak force, and impulse during the stroke. Paddle forces for the kayakers had asymmetries of 14.2 to 17.1% for the male K1M and 11.1 to 14.4% for the women K1W. Canoeists were no more asymmetrical than the kayakers for their ‘on-side’ strokes between the right and left sides. However, there were considerable differences for their ‘off-side’ strokes: male C1M off-side paddle forces were similar to their ‘on-side’ forces for the same side, but the women C1W had a significantly lower (−20.8% to −29.5%) paddle forces for their ‘off-side’ strokes compared to their ‘on-side’ strokes on that same side. Despite an increasing number of younger male athletes being introduced to the switching technique, and it being used by C1M athletes in international competitions since 2014, C1M paddlers still do not use switching transitions as much as C1W. The data from this study indicate that there is a biomechanical reason for this sex-based difference in the higher proportion of off-side strokes used by the C1M athletes compared to C1W athletes: and this needs to be considered for optimal technique development and race performance.

show abstract