Capacidade funcional de idosos: análise das questões de mobilidade, atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária via Teoria de Resposta ao Item

Abstract

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as questões sobre capacidade funcional utilizadas no Inquérito de Saúde da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, realizado em 2010, utilizando a Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Foram analisados: dimensionalidade da escala, posição dos itens na escala, poder de discriminação dos itens e precisão da estimativa da capacidade funcional. O estudo teve como base uma amostra de 2.174 idosos, com idades entre 60 e 99 anos, 61% mulheres e escolaridade mediana de 4 anos de estudos. O instrumento de 21 itens com 4 opções de respostas forneceu coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,98; a análise fatorial mostrou existir um fator explicando 92% da variabilidade entre as questões. Os resultados indicaram: (i) redundância nas questões; (ii) precisão na estimação da capacidade funcional apenas para os idosos que estão abaixo da mediana na escala; e (iii) dificuldade dos idosos em discernir entre as opções de resposta. A análise sugere a necessidade de se discutir as questões a serem incluídas no instrumento, com vistas a uma maior cobertura da escala e melhor adequação das opções de respostas.

Perceived neighborhood characteristics and the functional performance of elderly people in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a quantile regression analysis

“…The procedure of combining basic and instrumental ADL items into one measure of functional status was based on the dimensionality of the ADL instrument used in the 2010 ISBH survey, which was found to have one dimension according to a recent study 31 . The dimensionality of an instrument reflects the number of constructs being measured 32 .…”

Factors associated with the functional capacity of elderly individuals with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus

“…11 The functional capacity impairment observed in older people in this study is also found in the national and international literature. 12,13 In Campina Grande, Paraíba, a study found that there is a direct relationship between prevalence of functional disability and age. Elderly individuals aged 80 years old or older had a 3.19 times higher prevalence of developing functional disability when compared to those aged 60 to 69 years old.…”

“…On this perspective, understanding the factors that contribute to the functional disability of the elderly is important to provide subsidies which may contribute to the elaboration of more effective prevention strategies, capable of maintaining in an independently way the functionality of these individuals or delaying the arrival of limitations. [12][13] Given this scenario, it is considered relevant to study what has contributed to the cases of functional disability in the elderly, hoping to contribute to the planning of actions by the nurse who works in the primary health care scenario, in search of correct interventions, aiming to assist in the promotion of quality of life of these elderly individuals and in the reorganization of the health strategies in the community by supporting these elderly and their families/caregivers.…”

Padrão do desempenho nas atividades de vida diária em idosos no município de São Paulo, nos anos 2000, 2006 e 2010

“…In addition, César et al 17 pointed out that the measure of functional impairment in population surveys would catch only the most important losses of functional capacity, while the more discreet ones could go unnoticed by the interviewees. In this regard, Cella et al 18 suggest the application of measuring scales of greater extension in investigations including individuals with different levels of functional impairment.…”