Capacitive deionization of NaCl solutions with ambient pressure dried carbon aerogel microsphere electrodes

Abstract

Carbon aerogel (CA) microspheres were pyrolyzed from resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogels, which were prepared by emulsion polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde using ambient drying technique. Structural and microstructural characteristics of CA microspheres were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopic techniques and nitrogen adsorption. The With the optimum initial NaCl concentration of 500 mg L À1 and applied voltage of 1.2 V, the specific salt-adsorption capacity for CA microspheres was found to be 5.62 mg g À1. The electrosorption and electrodesorption procedures displayed the stability and regeneration of CA microsphere electrodes.This preliminary study demonstrated that the CA microsphere electrodes in CDI process can be considered to be an alternative candidate for desalination.

Evaluation of Carbon Aerogel Manufacturing Process in Order to Desalination of Saline and Brackish Water in Laboratory Scale

“…The aerogels and their production processes are varied according to their special applications. The range of application of aerogels is very extensive and includes engineering, textile, home applications, environmental engineering, energy, automotive industry, etc [21]. The aerogels include metal oxides, a combination of metal oxides, polymers, carbon, or other materials.…”

“…Therefore, the technical applications of this material will be developed in the future. Aerogels are also called frozen smoke, solid smoke, or blue smoke [20,21]. The aerogels and their production processes are varied according to their special applications.…”

“…The aerogels are made by hydrolysing soluble preforms in a sol-gel process. By adding dopants and other chemical compounds, the aerogels will be very diverse [21]. The process of making aerogels consists of two steps: 1. making a gel that the solvent has penetrated in it.…”

Ethylenediamine-Catalyzed Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Aerogel under Hypersaline Condition for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Organic Solvent Absorbents

“…As a result, some studies have tried using ambient drying to replace the supercritical drying. Unfortunately, these approaches often take very long gelation/activation time and the resulted products generally have large bulk density (>0.2 g·cm −3 ) and small specific surface area (<700 m 2 ·g −1 ) due to formation of large cracks during the pyrolysis [16,17]. Recently, a feasible method to prepare highly porous carbonaceous materials under hypersaline conditions has been reported [18,19].…”

Ambient Pressure-Dried Graphene–Composite Carbon Aerogel for Capacitive Deionization

“…On the other hand, improvements in CDI performance can also be achieved by developing suitable electrode materials, whose properties can greatly affect the CDI performance. Various carbon-based materials involving activated carbon [12], carbon nanotubes [13], mesopores carbon [14], carbon aerogels (CAs) [15,16] and composites thereof [17,18] have been used as CDI electrodes, whose properties greatly affect the CDI performance. Among these porous carbon materials, CAs are the most prospective material for CDI [19][20][21], as their high specific surface area (SSA), decent electronic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability [22][23][24] allow them to play crucial roles as electrodes for adsorbing ions from the salt solution.…”