Capillary fluid filtration. Starling forces and lymph flow.

Taylor, Aubrey E.

doi:10.1161/01.res.49.3.557

Cited by 265 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…On the other hand, as referred above, though small drainage might occur by a special system (Taylor, 1981), the brain has no lymphatic vessels, then i lymph ¼ 0. By taking into account all these aspects we conclude from Eq.…”

Section: Carotid Arterymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The current flowing into the interstitial space may be described by Starling's equation (Taylor, 1981;Seifter et al, 2005) …”

Section: Microcirculation and Starling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Πc increases within the capillary due to loss of fluid to the interstitial space. P i and Π i are constant in the interstitial space (Taylor, 1981;Seifter et al, 2005).…”

Section: Microcirculation and Starling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…brain, eyes) special overflow drainage systems allow for the removal of excess fluid (Taylor, 1981).…”

Section: Microcirculation and Starling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart rate, arterial distensibility, and optimal performance of the arterial tree

Silva

Reis

2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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a b s t r a c tIn this study we explore the ability of a previously developed model of pulsatile flow for explaining the observed reduction of arterial distensibility with heart rate. The parameters relevant for the analysis are arterial wall distensibility together with permeability and reflection coefficients of the end capillaries. A non-specific artery and the ensemble of tissues supplied by that artery were considered in the model. The blood current within that artery was equalized to the sum of all micro currents in the tissues supplied by that artery. A formula emerged that relates changes in arterial distensibility with heart rate, and also with some particular aspects of microcirculation. Then, that formula was tested with data of distensibilities of the radial and carotid arteries observed at the heart rates of 63, 90, and 110 b.p.m. The formula correctly predicted the trend of decreased distensibility with heart rate for both arteries. Moreover, due to the fact that the carotid artery supplies the brain, and because the Blood-Brain barrier is highly restrictive to colloids in the blood, for the carotid artery the formula predicted a less marked decrease in distensibility than in the case of the radial artery feeding muscle tissue, which has a greater permeability to colloids, a trend that was confirmed by data. It was found that reduction of arterial distensibility with heart rate was greater in arteries that supply end capillaries with high permeability and low reflection coefficients.

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Section: Carotid Arterymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The current flowing into the interstitial space may be described by Starling's equation (Taylor, 1981;Seifter et al, 2005) …”

Section: Microcirculation and Starling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Πc increases within the capillary due to loss of fluid to the interstitial space. P i and Π i are constant in the interstitial space (Taylor, 1981;Seifter et al, 2005).…”

Section: Microcirculation and Starling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…brain, eyes) special overflow drainage systems allow for the removal of excess fluid (Taylor, 1981).…”

Section: Microcirculation and Starling Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart rate, arterial distensibility, and optimal performance of the arterial tree

Silva

Reis

2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Fulvio Pomero, 1 Roberta Re, 2 Michele Meschi, 3 Domenico Montemurro, 4 Laura Spadafora, 5 Valentina Borretta, N o n -c o m m e r c i a l u s e o n l y -Altered fluid balance: edema occurs when the filtration gradient is increased to at least 15 mmHg, as demonstrated in most clinical and laboratory settings. 6 …”

Section: Approach To Leg Edemamentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to leg edema

Pomero

Meschi³

et al. 2017

Ital J Med

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Edema is defined as a palpable swelling caused by an increase in interstitial fluid volume. Leg edema is a common problem with a wide range of possible causes and is the result of an imbalance in the filtration system between the capillary and interstitial spaces. Major causes of edema include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. In both hospital and general practice, the patient with a swollen leg presents a common dilemma in diagnosis and treatment. The cause may be trivial or life-threatening and it is often difficult to determine the clinical pathway. The diagnosis can be narrowed by categorizing the edema according to its duration, distribution (unilateral or bilateral) and accompanying symptoms. This work provides clinically oriented recommendations for the management of leg edema in adults.

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The Physiologic Basis for Clinical Edema

Little¹,

Ginsburg²

1984

Arch Intern Med

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Edema is a common clinical sign indicating expansion of the interstitial fluid volume. Factors that regulate the size of this compartment are capillary fluid dynamics, interstitial fluid pressure, lymph flow, and interstitial compartment compliance, all of which are delicately balanced. An appreciation of the manner in which common disease processes upset this delicate balance can lead to a better understanding of clinical edema.

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Capillary fluid filtration. Starling forces and lymph flow.

Cited by 265 publications

References 91 publications

Heart rate, arterial distensibility, and optimal performance of the arterial tree

Heart rate, arterial distensibility, and optimal performance of the arterial tree

Approach to leg edema

The Physiologic Basis for Clinical Edema

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