Capillary Interaction in Wet Granular Assemblies: Part 1

Cryoprotective agents influence viral dosage and thermal stability of inhalable dry powder vaccines

“…The observed result of cohesion within powders containing glycerol directly affected the process yield from the spray dryer, as reported in Figure 2. During atomization, glycerol likely formed liquid capillary bridges with contact points on neighbouring particle droplets or the glass walls of the spray dryer to minimize interfacial energy (Herminghaus et al, 2019). In the initial stages of drying, particles experience high viscosity and surface tension around the glass transition region which can result in an increased bridge formation and higher cohesive strength or "stickiness" if the particles come into contact with the glass surfaces of the spray dryer (Wan et al, 1992, Foster et al, 2006, O'Callaghan and Hogan, 2013.…”