Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Abstract

Zone electrophoresis in open tubular capillaries is a useful approach to high-resolution separations of charged substances. Efficient heat transfer from small diameter capillaries permits application of unusually high voltages, which promote more effective separations and increase the speed of analyses. A sample injection technique and on-line zone detection create an instrumental format for zone electrophoresis. The basic theory, system parameters, and preliminary results are described.

Experimental Consideration of Capillary Chromatography Based on Tube Radial Distribution of Ternary Mixture Carrier Solvents under Laminar Flow Conditions

“…5 The capillary tubes are also known to exhibit interesting and useful physical or hydrodynamic phenomena, such as electro-osmotic flow and laminar flow. The electro-osmotic flow in a capillary tube has capillary electrophoresis [7][8][9] and capillary electrochromatography [10][11][12] properties while laminar flow conditions enable hydrodynamic chromatography. [13][14][15] Recently, it was proposed that, when the ternary solvent mixture of water-hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvent is fed into capillary tubes under laminar flow conditions, the mixture solvents are radially distributed in the capillary tubes.…”

Traveling-Wave Electrophoresis For Microfluidic Separations

“…At f ¼ 1 Hz, a fluorescein plug takes t ¼ 50 s to travel the length of the 4 mm TWE channel. During this time, molecular diffusion would increase the full width at half maximum of the plug by [2] Á ¼ ð2DtÞ 1=2 ¼ 0:2 mm, where D ¼ k B T =q ¼ 3:56 Â 10 À6 cm 2 =s is the fluorescein diffusivity, q ¼ À3:2 Â 10 À19 C is its charge, k B is Boltzmann's constant, and T ¼ 295 K is the temperature. Preliminary measurements show that fluorescein plugs of initial width 1.3 mm spread less than 0.2 mm, indicating that TWE might elute bands with little or no dispersion.…”

“…Over the last 25 years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has set the standard for high-efficiency separations in solution [2]. This technique employs static, uniform electric fields to separate ions with different charge-to-size ratios into distinct zones for analysis, with zone dispersion limited ultimately by molecular diffusion.…”

“…DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.076103 PACS numbers: 82.45.Àh, 05.45.Ac, 82.40.Bj, 87.15.Tt Separations of charged substances are important in proteomics, molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, materials synthesis, and bioengineering, and are integral to microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices that are being developed for rapid clinical and forensic analysis [1]. Over the last 25 years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has set the standard for high-efficiency separations in solution [2]. This technique employs static, uniform electric fields to separate ions with different charge-to-size ratios into distinct zones for analysis, with zone dispersion limited ultimately by molecular diffusion.…”

Capillary array electrophoresis with confocal fluorescence rotary scanner

“…19,20 Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has been proven to be the most sensitive detection method in CAE. 21 In CAE, all the capillaries must be illuminated using acceptable laser powers and detected with high sensitivity.…”