“…This research includes Gonedes and Dopuch (1974), Jensen and Meckling (1976), Myers (1977), Watts (1977Watts ( , 2003aWatts ( and b, and 2006, Watts and Zimmerman (1978, 1986), Smith and Warner (1979), Beaver (1981, 1989), Basu (1997, Ball, Kothari, and Robin (2000), Ball (2001 and, Healy and Palepu (2001), Shleifer (2005), among many others, although some of the ideas have origins that reach further back into the past. For ideas that appear in multiple places over a long period of time, we attempt to attribute the ideas to original contributors, but often also reference subsequent contributors/extensions to facilitate understanding of the evolution of the literature.…”