Capítulo II. El Paijanense

Chauchat, Claude; Wing, Elizabeth S.; Lacombe, Jean-Paul; Demars, Pierre-Yves; Uceda, Santiago; Deza, Carlos

doi:10.4000/books.ifea.5149

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Lastly, recovered from the younger basal level of stratum MV-4 and its interface with the overlying stratum MV-7 in site CH-I (strata MV-5 and MV-6 are associated with the Chinchihuapi Creek drainage and thus are absent in the higher, older terrace where sites MV-I, CH-I and CH-II are located) are a Paijan-like projectile point and a hearth with a contracted stem and slight shoulder barbs ( Fig 9 and S7a Fig) dated at 10,650–10,620 cal BP. This date agrees with radiocarbon assayed late Paijan points documented throughout the Andean region [ 44 ]. Also excavated from this same level was a drill fragment ( Fig 9 ).…”

Section: Materials Remainssupporting

confidence: 88%

New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile

Dillehay

Ocampo²,

Saavedra³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

209

114

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Questions surrounding the chronology, place, and character of the initial human colonization of the Americas are a long-standing focus of debate. Interdisciplinary debate continues over the timing of entry, the rapidity and direction of dispersion, the variety of human responses to diverse habitats, the criteria for evaluating the validity of early sites, and the differences and similarities between colonization in North and South America. Despite recent advances in our understanding of these issues, archaeology still faces challenges in defining interdisciplinary research problems, assessing the reliability of the data, and applying new interpretative models. As the debates and challenges continue, new studies take place and previous research reexamined. Here we discuss recent exploratory excavation at and interdisciplinary data from the Monte Verde area in Chile to further our understanding of the first peopling of the Americas. New evidence of stone artifacts, faunal remains, and burned areas suggests discrete horizons of ephemeral human activity in a sandur plain setting radiocarbon and luminescence dated between at least ~18,500 and 14,500 cal BP. Based on multiple lines of evidence, including sedimentary proxies and artifact analysis, we present the probable anthropogenic origins and wider implications of this evidence. In a non-glacial cold climate environment of the south-central Andes, which is challenging for human occupation and for the preservation of hunter-gatherer sites, these horizons provide insight into an earlier context of late Pleistocene human behavior in northern Patagonia.

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Section: Materials Remainssupporting

confidence: 88%

New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile

Dillehay

Ocampo²,

Saavedra³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

209

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The later Paijan-like points appear around 10,500 cal yr BP at CH-I. If this point type truly is a Paijan-related style, then it is a few hundred years younger than its counterpart in Peru (Chauchat, 2006), which may suggest continued movement of people farther south, perhaps along the Pacific coast, at the end of the Pleistocene. In addition, there are other lithics, wood charcoal, and burned bone dated between ~16,000 and at least 20,000 cal yr BP that were not found with use-surfaces but were recovered from the lower stratified, intact layers (Dillehay et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

New excavations at the late Pleistocene site of Chinchihuapi I, Chile

et al. 2019

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This paper presents new excavation data on the Chinchihuapi I (CH-I) locality within the Monte Verde site complex, located along Chinchihuapi Creek in the cool, temperate Valdivian rain forest of south-central Chile. The 2017 and 2018 archaeological excavations carried out in this open-air locality reveal further that CH-I is an intermittently occupied site dating from the Early Holocene (~10,000 cal yr BP) to the late Pleistocene (at least ~14,500 cal yr BP) and probably earlier. A new series of radiocarbon dates refines the chronology of human use of the site during this period. In this paper, we describe the archaeological and stratigraphic contexts of the recent excavations and analyze the recovered artifact assemblages. A fragmented Monte Verde II point type on an exotic quartz newly recovered from excavations at CH-I indicates that this biface design existed in at least two areas of the wider site complex ~14,500 cal yr BP. In addition, associated with the early Holocene component at CH-I are later Paijan-like points recovered with lithic tools and debris and other materials. We discuss the geographic distribution of diagnostic artifacts from the site and their probable relationship to other early sites in South America.

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“…In the Titicaca Basin, we have yet to observe an instance of avocational projectile-point collection during our combined experience in the region which spans over 30 years. In the Jequetepeque region, looters tend to overlook lithic artifacts in favor of gold and pottery from later contexts [ 40 , 41 ]. Sites on the Gila River Indian Reservation have remained relatively protected from collection due to cultural prohibitions against disturbing prehistoric sites [ 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settlement-Size Scaling among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems in the New World

et al. 2015

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Settlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely large and rare. The upper tail of this size distribution is often formalized mathematically as a power-law function. Explanations for this scaling structure in human settlement systems tend to emphasize complex socioeconomic processes including agriculture, manufacturing, and warfare—behaviors that tend to differentially nucleate and disperse populations hierarchically among settlements. But, the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size variation requires such complex behaviors remains unclear. By examining the settlement patterns of eight prehistoric New World hunter-gatherer settlement systems spanning three distinct environmental contexts, this analysis explores the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size scaling depends on the aforementioned socioeconomic complexities. Surprisingly, the analysis finds that power-law models offer plausible and parsimonious statistical descriptions of prehistoric hunter-gatherer settlement-size variation. This finding reveals that incipient forms of hierarchical settlement structure may have preceded socioeconomic complexity in human societies and points to a need for additional research to explicate how mobile foragers came to exhibit settlement patterns that are more commonly associated with hierarchical organization. We propose that hunter-gatherer mobility with preferential attachment to previously occupied locations may account for the observed structure in site-size variation.

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Capítulo II. El Paijanense

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile

New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile

New excavations at the late Pleistocene site of Chinchihuapi I, Chile

Settlement-Size Scaling among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems in the New World

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