Capparis zeylanica L. root extract promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and triggers E-cadherin expression in breast cancer cell lines

Ursolic acid regulates key EMT transcription factors, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, an in‐vitro and in silico studies

“…The roots of C. zeylanica L. were collected from Seshachalam hill ranges, Chittoor and Kadapa districts of Andhra Pradesh, India and processed as described earlier. 16 The roots of C. zeylanica were powdered, extracted with methanol and further fractionated by column chromatography. The collected fractions were subjected to LC-ESI-MS analysis on 6520 Accurate Q-TOF (Agilent Technologies, Inc.), HPLC coupled with mass spectrometer to identify the main compounds and processed as described earlier.…”

“…The collected fractions were subjected to LC-ESI-MS analysis on 6520 Accurate Q-TOF (Agilent Technologies, Inc.), HPLC coupled with mass spectrometer to identify the main compounds and processed as described earlier. 16 UA was purified using an HPLC system equipped with a binary gradient system, a variable UV-VIS-detector and a Rheodyne Model 7725 injector with a loop size of 200 μL, and an integrator. Reverse phase chromatographic analysis was carried out in isocratic conditions using a Zorbax SB C18 reverse phase column (250 × 4.6 mm id., 5 μL C-18) at 40°C.…”

“…Then, by using a Muse Cell Analyzer and a commercially available kit, the viability of the cells was determined. 16 Doxorubicin (0.5 μM) was used as the standard drug for comparison.…”

“…A muse cell analyzer was used to perform cell-cycle analysis. 16 Doxorubicin (0.5 μM) was used as the standard drug.…”

“…), spices like rosemary, marjoram, lavender, thyme, organum, and also present in several medicinal plants including Astragalus membranaceus, Hedyotis diffusa, Eriobotrya japonica, Poriacocos, Rehmannia glutinosa, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, CorniFructus, Carthamus tinctorius and C. zeylanica, and so forth. 16,25,26 UA represents one of the most important groups of plant secondary metabolites and has been demonstrated by many studies with potential pharmacological properties such as anticancer, 27 antidiabetic, 28 anti-inflammatory, 29 antiobesity, 30 antioxidant, 31 antimicrobial, 32 antiviral, 33 and much of the research in recent years has focused on their activity against cancer. 34 In the present study, the C. zeylanica L root methanolic fraction is used for isolation, purification, characterization and structural conformation of UA using LC-MS/MS (Figure 1), 1 NMR, 13 NMR and FTIR (Supplementary file).…”