Capsaicin as New Orally Applicable Gastroprotective and Therapeutic Drug Alone or in Combination with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Healthy Human Subjects and in Patients

Abstract

Background: Capsaicin is a specific compound acting on capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves. Aim: Capsaicin was used to study the different events of human gastrointestinal physiology, pathology, and clinical pharmacology, and possible therapeutic approaches to enhance gastrointestinal mucosal defense in healthy human subjects and in patients with various different gastrointestinal disorders as well as its use with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in healthy subjects and in patients. Materials and Methods: The observations were carried out in 198 healthy human subjects and in 178 patients with different gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (gastritis, erosions, ulcer, polyps, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal polyps, cancers), and in 69 patients with chronic (Helicobacter pylori positive and negative) gastritis (before and after eradication treatment). The gastric secretory responses and their chemical composition, gastric emptying, sugar loading test, gastric transmucosal potential difference (GTPD) with application of capsaicin alone, after ethanol alone and with capsaicin, indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal microbleeding without and with capsaicin were studied. The immunohistochemical examinations of the capsaicin receptor (TRVP1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) were carried out in gastrointestinal tract, and especially in patients with chronic gastritis (with and without Helicobacter infection, before and after classical eradication treatment). Classical molecular pharmacological methods were applied to study the drugs inhibiting the gastric basal acid output. Results: Capsaicin decreased the gastric basal output, enhanced the "non-parietal" (buffering) component of gastric secretory responses, and gastric emptying, and the release of glucagon. Capsaicin

Delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats caused by decreased expression of cystathionine gamma lyase and H2S synthesis: in vitro and in vivo studies

“…The effect of capsaicin on capsaicin‐sensitive afferent nerves is dose dependent . Four different stages of capsaicin effect (depending on the dose and duration of the exposure) on sensory afferent nerves have been indicated: (i) excitation; (ii) sensory blocking effect; (iii) long‐term selective neurotoxin impairment, and (iv) irreversible cell destruction .…”

In-vivo evaluation of apocynin for prevention of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis

“…the modulation of the pathogenesis without bacterial eradication (Akagi et al, 2013;Mozsik, 2014). The promising reports of apocynin treatment of several inflammatory disorders triggered us to explore its effect on gastric injury due to H. pylori infection.…”

Health-promoting properties of compounds derived from Capsicum sp. A review

“…This condition significantly contributes to irritations and increases the risk of gastric ulcers. A totally new view on CAP influence on digestive system is presented by the latest results of research which prove that regular intake of small doses of capsaicin in amounts of about 0.1 μg/kg of rat's body weight has a protective influence on gastric mucosa subjected to activity of aspirin, 96% concentrated ethanol or 0.6 molar solution of hydrochloric acid [39][40][41]. Moreover, capsaicin may inhibit processes of mucosa damage induced by indometacin.…”