Capsular Serotype and Antibiotic Resistance of
            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
            Isolates in Two Chilean Cities

Inostroza, Jaime; Trucco, Olivia; Prado, Valeria; Vinet, Ana María; Retamal, Gloria; Ossa, Gonzalo; Facklam, Richard R.; Sorensen, Ricardo U.

doi:10.1128/cdli.5.2.176-180.1998

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The serotype distribution among NP isolates in the present investigation was similar to that found in previous studies in Brazil, the USA and other countries of Latin America and Europe [1,13,19]. Overall, the serotypes isolated from the nasopharynx included the most common serotypes causing invasive disease, with most being represented in the PCV7.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Serotypes of carriage and invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brazilian children in the era of pneumococcal vaccines

Laval¹,

Andrade

Pimenta

et al. 2006

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a key factor in the development of invasive disease and the spread of resistant strains within the community. A single nasopharyngeal swab was obtained from 648 unvaccinated children aged <5 years, either healthy or with acute respiratory tract infection or meningitis, during the winters of 2000 and 2001. The overall pneumococcal carriage rate was 35.8% (95% CI 32.1-39.6). The pneumococcal serotypes found most frequently in the nasopharynx were 14, 6B, 6A, 19F, 10A, 23F and 18C, which included five of the seven serotypes in the currently licensed seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7); serotypes 4 and 9V were less common. Serotypes 1 and 5 were isolated rarely from the nasopharynx. A comparison of 222 nasopharyngeal isolates with 125 invasive isolates, matched for age and time to the carrier isolates, showed a similar prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSp) (19.8% and 19.2%, respectively). PNSp serotypes were similar (6B, 14, 19F, 19 A, 23B and 23F) for carriage and invasive disease isolates. The coverage of PCV7 for carriage isolates (52.2%) and invasive isolates (62.4%) did not differ significantly (p 0.06); similarly, there was no significant difference in PCV7 coverage for carriage isolates (34.5%) and invasive isolates (28.2%) of PNSp. These data suggest that PCV7 has the potential to reduce pneumococcal carriage and the number of carriers of PNSp belonging to vaccine serotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Serotypes of carriage and invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brazilian children in the era of pneumococcal vaccines

Laval¹,

Andrade

Pimenta

et al. 2006

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Five different capsular serotypes commonly associated with penicillin resistance worldwide were found among the 68 isolates of this study. In a recent study, 22 different pneumococcal serotypes were found among nasopharyngeal isolates from Santiago (17). Antibiotic resistance was identified among isolates of five serotypes, and these five serotypes were the same as those found in this study (17).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Of these 472 pneumococcal cultures, 233 were found to have intermediate penicillin resistance and 77 were resistant. Since a single resistant NP isolate obtained from a day care center in Temuco, Chile, was the only penicillin-resistant isolate reported from an ongoing study in this location (17), it was also included. Sixty-eight of the 78 resistant cultures obtained from a total of 54 asymptomatic children were available for the genotypic analysis done in this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Survey of Recent β-Lactam-Resistant Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Isolates from Asymptomatic Children in Chile

et al. 1999

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To assess pneumococcal strain variability among young asymptomatic carriers in Chile, we used serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and genotyping to analyze 68 multidrug-resistant pneumococcal isolates recovered from 54 asymptomatic children 6 to 48 months of age. The isolates represented capsular serotypes 19F (43 isolates), 14 (14 isolates), 23F (7 isolates), 6B (3 isolates), and 6A (1 isolate). Genotypic analysis, which included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal digests, penicillin binding protein (PBP) gene fingerprinting, and dhf gene fingerprinting, revealed that the isolates represented six different genetic lineages. Clear circumstantial evidence of capsular switching was seen within each of four of the genetically related sets. The majority of the isolates, consisting of the 43 19F isolates and 2 type 6B isolates, appeared to represent a genetically highly related set distinct from previously characterized pneumococcal strains. Each of three other genetically defined lineages was closely related to one of the previously characterized clones Spain 6B -2, France 9V -3, or Spain 23F -1. A fifth lineage was comprised of four type 23F isolates that, by the techniques used for this study, were genetically indistinguishable from three recent type 19F sterile-site isolates from the United States. Finally, a sixth lineage was represented by a single type 23F isolate which had a unique PFGE type and unique PBP and dhf gene fingerprints.

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“…The tables summarize the most recent data regarding resistance to penicillin among pneumococcal carriers worldwide. By observing the results from studies in which individuals living in different but nearby cities were assessed, it is also possible to observe differences: in children 0 to 2 years of age, 42% were colonized with S. pneumoniae in Santiago compared to 14% in Temuco, both of which are Chilean cities [15]; S. pneumoniae was isolated from 129 of 187 (69%) outpatient children in Gaborone and from 53 of 62 (85%) children in Francistown, two cities in South Africa; this difference was significant (P<0.01) [30]. Therefore, large differences can exist in similar populations located in different regions of the same country.…”

Section: Colonization and Penicillin Resistance Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal colonization and penicillin resistance among pneumococcal strains: a Worldwide 2004 update

Cardozo¹,

Nascimento‐Carvalho²,

Souza³

et al. 2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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Surveillance of nasopharyngeal pneumococcus has proven to be a valuable tool for the monitoring of antibiotic resistance. We reviewed the latest information on colonization rate and penicillin resistance by making a MEDLINE search, using the terms "nasopharyngeal carriage" and "Streptococcus pneumoniae". Out of 225 articles found, data from 109 recent publications (89% from 1996-2003) were analyzed. Data were reported from 41 countries of six continents. Individuals under the age of five (64.3%) or 10 years (85.7%) were enrolled, including children attending day-care centers (32.1%) or orphanages (3.6%), and healthy individuals (78.6%) or sick patients (43.6%); biological samples were collected mainly by nasopharyngeal swabs (89.3%). The highest colonization rates were reported from Africa (85-87.2%), where several authors did not find high rates of penicillin resistance. On the other hand, studies conducted in North and Central America reported high-level penicillin resistance at rates of approximately 20-30%. Great variation in the rates of pneumococcal colonization and penicillin resistance were observed within regions or continents. There were also considerable differences in similar populations located in different areas of the same country. Data regarding pneumococcal colonization and penicillin resistance are not available from most countries. We also examined the use of antibiotics to treat pneumococcal infections.

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Capsular Serotype and Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Two Chilean Cities

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Serotypes of carriage and invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brazilian children in the era of pneumococcal vaccines

Serotypes of carriage and invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brazilian children in the era of pneumococcal vaccines

Genotypic Survey of Recent β-Lactam-Resistant Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Isolates from Asymptomatic Children in Chile

Nasopharyngeal colonization and penicillin resistance among pneumococcal strains: a Worldwide 2004 update

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