Capturing the effect of temperature, strain rate, and stress state on the plasticity and fracture of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel

Whittington, W.R.; Oppedal, A.L.; Turnage, S.; Hammi, Youssef; Rhee, Hongjoo; Allison, P. G.; Crane, C. Kennan; Horstemeyer, M.F.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.11.018

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Comparing the chemical compositions, RHA has higher content of nickel compared to AR500. [21] reported that during the tempering process, steel solution rejects carbon in the form of finely divided carbide phases, the high supersaturated solid solution of carbon in iron forming a martensitic microstructure. The final result from the tempering process is a fine dispersion of carbides in an α-iron matrix.…”

Section: Tensile Test Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final result from the tempering process is a fine dispersion of carbides in an α-iron matrix. Precipitates of carbide particles are present in high strength steel [21], having the black particles as iron carbide. During the tempering process, martensite is decomposed to form carbide particles [35].…”

Section: Tensile Test Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the percentages of alloying elements are very important for precipitating carbide particles. With proper heat treatment process, the precipitation of carbide particles can contribute to high strength in the steel structure [21]. It is also noticed that boron, carbon, manganese, and nickel elements play a main role to improve ballistic properties of armour material [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties and microstructures of steel panels for laminated composites in armoured vehicles

Jamil

Aripin

Sajuri³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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This paper present the study about the mechanical properties of two high strength low alloy steels for replacing the current rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) for ballistic application. High strength low alloy steel has been widely adapted as a ballistic plate in light armoured vehicle. However, the current used RHA plate is very heavy thus restricted the manoeuvrability of the armoured vehicle. The aim of this study is to find materials suitable to be used for production of composite protection panel which is lighter yet has similar mechanical properties to RHA. The tensile strength and hardness of AISI 4340 and AR500 steels were evaluated and compared to that of RHA and the results were analysed based on its chemical compositions and microstructural observation. Values of these properties are primarily reflected by its microstructures and chemical compositions. Therefore, microscopic observation of microstructural arrangement and phases are essential in understanding the hardness and stress-strain behaviour of these metals. Results indicate similar tensile properties were observed in RHA and AR500 but different properties obtained for AISI 4340. Tensile strength of RHA and AR500 were 1750 MPa and 1740 MPa respectively followed by AISI 4340 at 1020 MPa. AISI 4340 steel exhibited the highest elongation at 20.6% compared to RHA and AR500 at 13.3 and 12.5%, respectively. Higher degree of carbon content in fine martensitic structure of RHA and AR500 led to high hardness. Imperfections in RHA and AR500 were also removed by hot rolling process as indicated by white banding that cause higher in tensile strength. Retained austenite and coarse microstructure of AISI 4340 steel contributed to higher ductility compared to AR500 and RHA. Therefore the tensile properties of RHA and AR500 were found similar due to its microstructure behaviour. This similarity allows AR500 to be utilised as alternatives to RHA in armour plate application.

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Section: Tensile Test Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Test Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical properties and microstructures of steel panels for laminated composites in armoured vehicles

Jamil

Aripin

Sajuri³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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“…These atomistic simulations are able to characterize how initial microstructure affects deformation mechanisms and strength under compression. This understanding of dynamic strength is needed for advancement of armoring [6], advanced manufacturing techniques [7], and damage resistance to high energy particle bombardment for space applications [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular scale study of the plastic response of tantalum under ramp compression and release

Moore

Lim

Brown

et al. 2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. There is significant uncertainty about the relationships between microstructure, plasticity mechanisms, and strength in high pressure and high strain-rate conditions. Using molecular dynamics simulations of propagating ramp compression and release waves, we examine strength and plasticity in [100] single crystalline and nanocrystalline tantalum. We find that the strength response of Ta under dynamic loading can be separated into two categories: the elastic/plastic transition and steady plastic flow regimes. The single crystalline and nanocrystalline Ta display significantly different strengths in the elastic/plastic transition regime. Surprisingly, the two forms of Ta exhibit similar strengths in the steady plastic flow regime despite their differences in microstructure and plastic deformation mechanisms. We also find that the transition from the elastic/plastic regime to the steady plastic flow regime is accompanied by either dislocation density reaching saturation or twin nucleation and growth. Twinning only occurs when the dislocation density has not reached saturation before transitioning into the steady plastic flow regime. The nucleated twins that formed during the transition to steady plastic flow shrink and disappear as dislocation density increases to its saturation value.

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“…A significant thermal gradient will result in erroneous stress and strain measurements in the specimen, particularly when the test temperature is over 600 • C where the Young's modulus of steel, a typical bar material, decreases significantly. These challenges limit current Kolsky tension bar tests to a e-mail: bsong@sandia.gov b e-mail: knelso@sandia.gov c e-mail: rjlipin@sandia.gov d e-mail: jbignel@sandia.gov e e-mail: ulrichgb@ornl.gov f e-mail: easo.george@rub.de temperatures below 600 • C [6][7][8][9][10], where the effects of temperature gradients on the steel bars can be neglected [9]. However, special experimental design considerations are required for Kolsky tension bar experiments at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic high-temperature Kolsky tension bar techniques

Song

Nelson

Lipinski

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Kolsky tension bar techniques were modified for dynamic high-temperature tensile characterization of thin-sheet alloys. An induction coil heater was used to heat the specimen while a cooling system was applied to keep the bars at room temperature during heating. A preload system was developed to generate a small pretension load in the bar system during heating in order to compensate for the effect of thermal expansion generated in the high-temperature tensile specimen. A laser system was applied to directly measure the displacements at both ends of the tensile specimen in order to calculate the strain in the specimen. A pair of high-sensitivity semiconductor strain gages was used to measure the weak transmitted force due to the low flow stress in the thin specimen at elevated temperatures. As an example, the high-temperature Kolsky tension bar was used to characterize a DOP-26 iridium alloy in high-strain-rate tension at 860 s −1 /1030 • C.

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Capturing the effect of temperature, strain rate, and stress state on the plasticity and fracture of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Mechanical properties and microstructures of steel panels for laminated composites in armoured vehicles

Mechanical properties and microstructures of steel panels for laminated composites in armoured vehicles

Molecular scale study of the plastic response of tantalum under ramp compression and release

Dynamic high-temperature Kolsky tension bar techniques

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