Capturing vacuum fluctuations and photon correlations in cavity quantum electrodynamics with multitrajectory Ehrenfest dynamics

Hoffmann, Norah M.; Schäfer, Christian; Rubio, Ángel; Kelly, Aaron; Appel, Heiko

doi:10.1103/physreva.99.063819

Cited by 42 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Therefore, the existence of a middle peak in Refs. [20,34] (or the middle oscillations in Fig. 6) arise(s) two obvious questions: (i) Is the middle peak in Refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6) arise(s) two obvious questions: (i) Is the middle peak in Refs. [20,34] real or the result of numerical errors in a quantum calculation? (ii) Are the middle oscillations in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the results presented in Refs. [20,34], the CISD approximation is used, and the middle peak is observed. Hence, one must presume that the middle peak is real and comes from the effect of counter rotating-wave terms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, because Ehrenfest+R was developed in free space, the performance of the method in cavities is unknown. As another attempt, Hoffmann et al have proposed a multi-trajectory Ehrenfest approach in cavities [34]. In this approach, the electronic DoFs are evolved quantummechanically and the EM fields are propagated classically with initial conditions that include sampling the photonic zero-point energy (ZPE) in Wigner phase space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quasiclassical modeling of cavity quantum electrodynamics

Chen

Nitzan

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. A

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We model a collection of N two-level systems (TLSs) coupled to a multimode cavity via Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss (MMST) dynamics, sampling both electronic and photonic zero-point energies (ZPEs) and propagating independent trajectories in Wigner phase space. By investigating the ground state stability of a single TLS, we use MMST dynamics to separately study both electronic ZPE effects (which would naively lead to the breakdown of the electronic ground state) as well as photonic ZPE effects (which would naively lead to spontaneous absorption). By contrast, including both effects (i.e., sampling both electronic and photonic ZPEs) leads to the dynamical stability of the electronic ground state. Therefore, MMST dynamics provide a practical way to identify the contributions of self-interaction and vacuum fluctuations. More importantly, we find that MMST dynamics can predict accurate quantum dynamics for both electronic populations and electromagnetic field intensity in the high saturation limit. For a single TLS in a cavity, MMST dynamics correctly predict the initial exponential decay of spontaneous emission, Poincaré recurrences, and the positional dependence of a spontaneous emission rate. For an array of N equally spaced TLSs with only one TLS excited initially, MMST dynamics correctly predict the modification of spontaneous emission rate as a function of the spacing between TLSs. Finally, MMST dynamics also correctly model Dicke's superradiance and subradiance (i.e., the dynamics when all TLSs are excited initially) including the correct quantum statistics for the delay time (as found by counting trajectories, for which a full quantum simulation is hard to achieve). Therefore, this work raises the possibility of simulating large-scale collective light-matter interactions with methods beyond mean-field theory.

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“…Therefore, the existence of a middle peak in Refs. [20,34] (or the middle oscillations in Fig. 6) arise(s) two obvious questions: (i) Is the middle peak in Refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6) arise(s) two obvious questions: (i) Is the middle peak in Refs. [20,34] real or the result of numerical errors in a quantum calculation? (ii) Are the middle oscillations in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quasiclassical modeling of cavity quantum electrodynamics

Chen

Nitzan

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. A

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“…This approach in principle allows for the description of arbitrary photonic structures, but misses all effects due to the quantization of the EM field, such as spontaneous emission. Recently, several groups have extended these approaches to allow for a more complete description, based on, e.g., an Ehrenfest+Relaxation approach 27,28 or cavity quantum electrodynamics with multi-trajectory Ehrenfest dynamics 29 .In cases that a full quantum description is desired, a strategy has to be used to quantize the EM field modes in the presence of material bodies. This is possible for simple geometries using a variety of strategies 11,30,31 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Cumulant expansion for the treatment of light–matter interactions in arbitrary material structures

Mónica

Silva

Feist

2020

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Strong coupling of quantum emitters with confined electromagnetic modes of nanophotonic structures may be used to change optical, chemical and transport properties of materials, with significant theoretical effort invested towards a better understanding of this phenomenon. However, a full theoretical description of both matter and light is an extremely challenging task. Typical theoretical approaches simplify the description of the photonic environment by describing it as a single or few modes. While this approximation is accurate in some cases, it breaks down strongly in complex environments, such as within plasmonic nanocavities, and the electromagnetic environment must be fully taken into account. This requires the quantum description of a continuum of bosonic modes, a problem that is computationally hard. We here investigate a compromise where the quantum character of light is taken into account at modest computational cost. To do so, we focus on a quantum emitter that interacts with an arbitrary photonic spectral density and employ the cumulant or cluster expansion method to the Heisenberg equations of motion up to first, second and third order. We benchmark the method by comparing with exact solutions for specific situations and show that it can accurately represent dynamics for many parameter ranges.Light-matter interaction is of paramount importance for unraveling the laws of nature and its deep understanding allows us to control and manipulate physical and chemical systems. In particular, one can modify the properties of a quantum emitter simply by changing its electromagnetic environment, for example by enclosing it within an optical cavity. This may give rise to a change of the decay rate for spontaneous emission in the weak coupling regime, the so-called Purcell effect 1 , or to the appearance of hybrid light-matter states, socalled polaritons, in the strong-coupling regime 2-5 . Over the last decades, it has been shown that strong light-matter coupling can be achieved using a large variety of physical implementations as the "cavity" that provides the electromagnetic field confinement. These include Fabry-Perot cavities consisting of two mirrors 5 , propagating surface plasmon polaritons 6 , plasmonic hole 7 and nanoparticle arrays 8 , isolated plasmonic nanoparticles 9 and nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries 10,11 , as well as hybrid cavities combining plasmonic and dielectric materials [12][13][14] . In many of these systems, the electromagnetic field modes are not well-described by isolated lossy cavity modes, and a correct treatment demands theoretical approaches that are able to deal with the complexity of the electromagnetic field modes and their spectrum.In principle, to treat the problem of light-matter interaction, one can rely on the most general theory that describes light and matter on equal footing, i.e., quantum electrodynamics (QED) 15 . However, treating all light and matter degrees of freedom in the systems described above in a quantum mechanical way is an intractable problem and approx...

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New phase space formulations and quantum dynamics approaches

Shang

et al. 2022

WIREs Comput Mol Sci

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We report recent progress on the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics with coordinate-momentum variables, focusing more on new theory of (weighted) constraint coordinate-momentum phase space for discretevariable quantum systems. This leads to a general coordinate-momentum phase space formulation of composite quantum systems, where conventional representations on infinite phase space are employed for continuous variables. It is convenient to utilize (weighted) constraint coordinate-momentum phase space for representing the quantum state and describing nonclassical features. Various numerical tests demonstrate that new trajectorybased quantum dynamics approaches derived from the (weighted) constraint phase space representation are useful and practical for describing dynamical processes of composite quantum systems in gas phase as well as in condensed phase.

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Capturing vacuum fluctuations and photon correlations in cavity quantum electrodynamics with multitrajectory Ehrenfest dynamics

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

Quasiclassical modeling of cavity quantum electrodynamics

Quasiclassical modeling of cavity quantum electrodynamics

Cumulant expansion for the treatment of light–matter interactions in arbitrary material structures

New phase space formulations and quantum dynamics approaches

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