Características morfofisiológicas e produtividade da palma forrageira em diferentes lâminas de irrigação

Abstract

R E S U M OMuitas são as suposições quanto à baixa exigência de água da palma mas tais informações dependem de estudos de análise do desempenho da cultura a diferentes condições hídricas. Assim, objetivou-se verificar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre a morfofisiologia e desempenho produtivo da palma forrageira cultivada em ambiente Semiárido. O experimento foi conduzido no segundo ano produtivo da cultura, em Serra Talhada, PE. As lâminas de água aplicadas totalizaram, ao final do ciclo, 976, 1048, 1096, 1152 e 1421 mm. Na ocasião da colheita foram feitas medidas biométricas e de biomassa das plantas e em seguida obtidos índices de resposta hídrica, morfológicos, morfofisiológicos e feita análise de produtividade. Verificou-se que as lâminas de irrigação não afetaram os índices de resposta hídrica (com exceção do peso fresco do cladódio de 1ª ordem), morfológicos e morfofisiológicos (p > 0,05), assim como o desempenho produtivo; todavia, os valores médios obtidos para a biomassa verde e seca (131,16 e 8,18 t ha -1 ) e do número de cladódios totais (14,13 unid.), se mostraram superiores aos relatos de cultivos em condições de sequeiro. Sugerem-se condições de disponibilidade hídrica de 1048 a 1096 mm ano -1 para a palma forrageira. Morphophysiological characteristic and yield of forage cactus under different irrigation depths A B S T R A C TThere are many assumptions about the low water requirement of forage cactus, but such information depends on performance analysis studies of the crop under different water conditions. Thus, this study aimed to verify the effect of different irrigation depths on morphophysiology and productive performance of forage cactus grown in semiarid environment. The experiment was conducted during the second productive year of the crop in Serra Talhada, PE. Water depths were applied and recorded at the end of the cycle as 976, 1048, 1096, 1152 and 1421 mm. At harvest, biometric and plant biomass measurements were made, and water response indices, morphological, morphophysiological and yield analysis were obtained. It was found that the irrigation depth did not affect the water response indices (except for 1 st cladode fresh weight), morphological and morphophysiological (p > 0.05), as well as the productive performance. However, the mean values obtained for the yield, such as green and dry biomass (131.16 and 8.18 t ha -1 ), and growth variables, such as average total cladodes number (14.13), showed to be superior to reported under rainfed conditions. Water availability conditions of 1048 to 1096 mm yr -1 for the forage cactus are suggested. Palavras-chave:análise de crescimento Opuntia stricta Semiárido

Production of Spineless Cactus in Brazilian Semiarid

“…In this case, spineless cactus produces well in areas with annual precipitation of up to 750 mm [14]. These results lead to the understanding that the productive beneits of increased of water blade for spineless cactus are more apparent in regions with very low rainfall levels compared to regions where the rainfall values exceed 750 mm [67,68].…”

“…Indeed, Queiroz et al [67] evaluated the efect of application of diferent irrigation blades (976, 1048, 1096, 1152 and 1202 mm) on the productive performance of spineless cactus cultivated in semiarid environment and check that there were no diferences in number of cladodes and in fresh and dry annual biomass between treatments, revealing that the increase of irrigation has not contributed to increase the yield of crop. Flores-Hernández et al [68] also found that supplemental irrigation (740, 1060 and 1380 mm) did not provide increments cladodes production and dry mater productivity.…”

“…In general, the most widely used irrigation system is located by drip, with a line per row [62,67,68]. The origin of water can be from various sources, from the dam to the wastewater or saltwater, where positive results were obtained on productivity [69].…”

Meteorological variables and morphological characteristics influencing the evapotranspiration of forage cactus

“…Felker and Inglese (2003) mention that sites with high atmospheric demand and rainfall below 350 mm year -1 , the use of irrigation is essential to ensure a good yield. Queiroz et al (2015) report a productive increase of forage cactus up to water depths of 1048 mm.…”

“…Evapotranspiration (ET) varies among species, as well as with phenology, as a result of changes in resistance to the transpiration process, height, leaf area, among other factors related to plant morphology (Lemos Filho et al, 2010). At the same time, ET is affected by crop management and soil water availability, which induces morphophysiological variations in the plant, reflecting in its growth rate (Kiremit & Arslan, 2016;Kresoviae et al, 2016;Queiroz et al, 2015).…”