Características y efectos de los métodos resistidos en el sprint. (Characteristics and effects of resisted sprint training methods)

Abstract

ResumenPara la mejora del rendimiento en el sprint se utilizan distintos métodos de entrenamiento, entre los más populares se encuentran los métodos resistidos. Un método resistido para el sprint se caracteriza por utilizar sprints con una sobrecarga o resistencia añadi-da. Dependiendo de las características del dispositivo, tanto la magnitud como la dirección de la resistencia va a ser diferente. Así, existen distintos tipos de méto-dos resistidos, estos son: arrastres de trineos o ruedas, lastres de chalecos o cinturones, arrastres de paracaí-das, carreras cuesta arriba, e incluso carreras sobre la arena de la playa. El principal objetivo al usar métodos resistidos es mejorar la fuerza específica de los deportistas sin producir una modificación significativa de la técnica del deportista. En el presente trabajo se revisan las características y efectos de los métodos resistidos tanto de forma aguda, como sus efectos a corto, medio y largo plazo.Palabras clave: Rendimiento, fuerza, velocidad, carrera. AbstractThere are different training methods for improving sprint performance, and resisted sprint training methods are one of the most popular. Sprint resisted methods are characterized by executing sprints with an added load. The direction of the resistance applied to the athlete is different for each device, and so each device has different effects on the athlete's velocity and sprinting mechanics. Thus, there are different resisted sprint training methods, which are: sled or tire towing, weighted belt/vest, speed parachutes, up-hill sprinting, and sand sprinting. The main purpose when using resisted methods is to improve an athlete's specific-strength, or, to achieve the greatest exercise specificity, such that the athlete's movement patterns should remain similar to those observed in unloaded sprinting. Therefore, the acute, short-, medium-, and long-term effects of resisted sprint training methods are reviewed in the present paper.

The effects of resisted sprint training programs on vertical jump, linear sprint and change of direction speed in male soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This aspect conditions the internal load imposed on the athlete and, therefore, the adaptations that occur in one direction or another. Thus, there is a need for research in this area 30 . Finally, it should be noted that two of the studies included in the meta-analysis were conducted with U-19 soccer players.…”

“…It is well known that RST training could be instrumental in improving these physical attributes, especially concerning sprint acceleration and maximal velocity 24,25,28 . In the current scientific literature, research has been conducted on athletes with other tools such as parachutes or hills [29][30][31] , but there is a lack of knowledge in the field of soccer. Indeed, recent studies have indicated the efficacy of RST in improving various physical performance metrics, such as sprint performance, jumping, and strength [32][33][34] .…”

Optimizing Load Parameters for Resisted Sled Sprint Training on Artificial Turf through Biomechanical and Kinematic Analysis in Soccer Players

“…Current research supports the bene ts of moderate loads, though consensus on the optimal load is lacking (24). Commonly, a reduction in peak speed by no more than 10% is accepted as an appropriate load standard (16, 19), a notion supported by expert opinions rather than scienti c evidence, as noted by tness experts like Alcaraz et al (32). Given the in uence of different surface frictions, there is a gap in…”

Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza explosiva en futbolistas sub 14

“…En este tipo de entrenamiento es recomendable ejecutar las repeticiones a la máxima velocidad posible y con la mínima pérdida de velocidad en cada serie (González Badillo & Ribas-Serna, 2019). Si bien seguimos el principio de especificidad, deberemos imitar la activación muscular y la velocidad de ejecución de los movimientos propios de la disciplina deportiva (Alcaraz et al, 2009).…”