Carbamate Insecticides

Baron, Ronald L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-334163-1.50005-x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…Drosophila S2, HeLa, and HEK293 cells showed significantly higher DNA damage and apoptosis after treatment (3). Methomyl did not induce carcinogenic activity in rats (23) or dogs (24). Teratogenic effects were also not observed in pregnant rats or rabbits (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

Valencia-Quintana

Gómez‐Arroyo

Sánchez-Alarcón

et al. 2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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This study evaluated direct and metabolic genotoxic effects caused by Lannate-90 ® , a methomyl-based formulation (90 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures using sister chromatid exchange assay (SCE). Two processes were used for the plant promutagens evaluation: in vivo activation, applying the insecticide systemically in plants for 4 h and subsequently adding plant metabolites containing extracts to lymphocyte cultures; and in vitro activation, where the insecticide was incubated with Vicia faba S10 mix plus human lymphocyte culture. Direct treatment with the insecticide significantly increased SCE frequency in human lymphocytes (250-750 mg L ® to treat human lymphocytes, a dose-response relationship was observed. In lymphocyte cultures treated directly with the insecticide for 2 h, a negative response was obtained. When S10 mix was added, SCE frequency did not change significantly. Meanwhile, a mixture of S9 mammalian metabolic mix and Lannate-90 ® increased the SCE frequency, with an observed concentration-dependent response. Although Lannate-90 ® induced cellular death at the highest concentrations, it did not cause a delay in cell proliferation in any of the treatments, confirming its genotoxic action. This study is one of the first to evaluate and compare the direct effect of Lannate-90 ® in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.

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mentioning

confidence: 76%

Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

Valencia-Quintana

Gómez‐Arroyo

Sánchez-Alarcón

et al. 2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…The doses were given below their acute LD50 level of intoxication according to their body weight. The mouse oral LD50 for methomyl was found to be 10 mg/ kg body weight [3].…”

Section: Chemical and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active ingredient methomyl containing Lannate is widely using throughout the world since it is effective as "contact insecticide" as well as "systemic insecticide" and is well known established cholinesterase inhibitor. Methomyl has been classified as a pesticide of category-I toxicity [3]. Methomyl is a metabolite of thiodicarb and acetimidate is suspected oncogen which is metabolite in animal tissues [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methomyl induced gonadal dysfunction, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in male albino mice

Bb¹,

Si²

2010

Int J of Biot Appl

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Abstract-Methomyl (S-methyl-1-N [(methyl carbamoyl) oxy] thio acetimidate, is a carbamate broad spectrum insecticide. The Swiss albino mice were administered orally 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg body wt methomyl for 30 days and effective dose 4 mg/kg for 5, 10, and 20 days to know the dose and durational effect on testes and biochemical contents. The mice were sacrificed on day 31 st or 24 hours after the terminal exposure. Testes, epididymis, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, coagulatory and Cowper's glands weight decreased significantly with 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and in 4mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment.Histologic studies of the testes revealed anti-spermatogenic and anti-steroidogenic effects of methomyl reflected by significant decrease in the number and diameter of spermatogonia, primary spematocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells in the mice treated with 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment, except with 2 mg/kg/day methomyl treatment number of primary spematocytes, Leydig cells, diameter of spermatogonia, and in 4 mg/kg/day methomyl for 10 days treatment the number of spermatogonia, leydig cells and diameter of primary spermatocytes not changed significantly when compared with controls. Biochemical studies of testis and epididymis showed methomyl at doses of 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment caused significant decrease in the levels of DNA, RNA, protein, glycogen and sialic acid whereas cholesterol increased significantly. However, treatment with 1, 2 mg / kg/ day and 4 mg / kg /day for 5 days methomyl caused no significant change in epididymal biochemical contents when compared with control. Study on enzyme activities in testis and epididymis revealed that the treatment with 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and 4 mg/kg /day for 20 days of methomyl caused significant decrease in the activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), ions ATPase (Na + -K + ATPase, Ca ++ ATPase, Mg ++ ATPase) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were decreased significantly, except with 3 mg/kg/day methomyl treatment where Ca ++ ATPase activity in testes and epididymis not changed significantly. However, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities were increased significantly. The testis 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) decreased significantly with 3 and 4 mg/kg /day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment when compared with controls. However, there was no significant change in testes and accessory reproductive organs, number and diameter of spermatogonia and Leydig cells and biochemical contents of testis and epididymis with 1 mg/kg/day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 5 days of methomyl treatment. These observed effects of methomyl on testes and accessory reproductive organs weight, testis histology, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in testis and epididymis may be due to toxic effect or hormonal imbalance in any of the stage in the hypothalamo-hypophysial-testicular ...

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“…Additionally, carbamate pesticides are rapidly metabolized and excreted, and hence do not accumulate in organ tissues. 1 However, acute poisonings do occur and may be accompanied by symptoms including drowsiness, sialorrhea, diarrhea, tremors, and death due to paralysis of respiratory muscles. 3 Methomyl is considered a highly toxic compound with an oral median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 12-48 mg/kg in rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Methomyl is considered a highly toxic compound with an oral median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 12-48 mg/kg in rats. 1 Carbamates are the most common class of pesticides involved in animal poisonings in Europe and the United States. 2,14 Animals such as birds of prey and predatory mammals are exposed to carbamate pesticides primarily through the consumption of contaminated carcasses, whereas nuisance wildlife and companion animals are generally exposed through the ingestion of pesticide-treated bait.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of methomyl in the stomach contents of baited wildlife by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

et al. 2013

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The poisoning of wildlife with fly-bait containing the active ingredient methomyl is an intentional and illegal act in many jurisdictions. A case of 2 animals poisoned by methomyl through consumption of tainted bait at multiple stations is described. Although thermally and ultraviolet-labile, methomyl can be identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and is detected in abundance in bait samples; however, it is not readily observed in tissues, owing to its rapid metabolism and elimination. The application of derivatizing functionalities, such as trimethylsilyl groups, stabilizes the methomyl-oxime metabolite to facilitate its detectability during exposure to the relatively harsh conditions of gas chromatography. This brief communication reports on the analytical detection of methomyl in baits and biological samples from poisoned wildlife. Essential to the case were the added determination of a fly-bait coactive ingredient, ( Z)-9-tricosene, and identification of a chemical indicator, caffeine, to confirm both the type of pesticide product involved in the poisoning incident and the vehicle used to perpetrate its delivery.

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Carbamate Insecticides

Cited by 15 publications

References 270 publications

Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

Methomyl induced gonadal dysfunction, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in male albino mice

Determination of methomyl in the stomach contents of baited wildlife by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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