Carbohydrate Coated Polymer Particles: Preparation and Protein‐binding Studies

Abstract

A facile and effective organic synthesis route was provided for preparation of the carbohydrate coated polymer small particles. First, amino-activated particles were prepared from PAN (polyacrylonitrile) by the heterogeneous cross-linking method, then the amino groups on the particle were converted into hydrazide groups by N-alkylation and hydrazine activation, meanwhile the length of linker was prolonged to the designed value. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was used to study the reactions in the synthesis steps and to optimize part of the synthesis conditions. Two carbohydrates (maltose and heparin) were then directly coupled to the hydrazide-activated particles in a relative high yield, the obtained particles were used to interact with BSA (bovine serum albumin) and typical heparin-binding proteins. All of these particles had some nonspecific interactions with proteins and heparin coated particles showed additional strong binding ability with the heparin-binding proteins. Data also showed that a longer linker length not only weakened nonspecific interaction but also increased the specific binding ability. As the carbohydrate coated particles are independent, flexible and easily detectable, they should be good acceptors for the diverse bioactive studies of carbohydrates.

Advance of Microemulsion and Application for Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…serving internal structure [90,91]. Although optical microscopy has relatively lower resolution, it can measure the particle size of microemulsions with larger diameters or irregular shapes through image analysis software [92].…”

“…Certainly, particle morphology and size distribution in microemulsions can also be directly observed through electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), providing high-resolution image information. SEM is suitable for observing surface morphology, while TEM is suitable for observing internal structure [ 90 , 91 ]. Although optical microscopy has relatively lower resolution, it can measure the particle size of microemulsions with larger diameters or irregular shapes through image analysis software [ 92 ].…”