Carbohydrate-Responsive Gene Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Rats

Abstract

Although obesity is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple carbohydrates is one consistent eating behavior leading to obesity. However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high carbohydrate to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body weight gain and development of obesity. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with either low C/F or high C/F (HC) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, rats fed HC diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with rats fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in HC rats. Obesity was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance after an oral glucose challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed HC diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d intakes. Genes regulating glucose transport, glycolysis, fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by HC diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Effect of dietary glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate on piglet growth, intestinal environment, subsequent fattener performance, and meat quality

“…The greater backfat thickness of pigs fed glucose could be due to more developed fatty tissue in piglets receiving this carbohydrate, which may persist also in older animals (Shankar et al 2010).…”

Early growth response protein-1 mediates lipotoxicity-associated placental inflammation: role in maternal obesity

“…Biotin-labeled aRNA was synthesized from double-stranded cDNA using the GeneChip IVT labeling kit (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The probe array was scanned after hybridization, wash, and staining protocols using a GeneChip Scanner 3000 according to the manufacturer's instructions (58,60,67).…”

“…Microarray data analysis was carried out using GeneSpring version 11 software (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) (58,61,62). CEL files containing the probe level intensities were processed using the robust multiarray analysis algorithm for background adjustment, normalization, and log2 transformation of perfect match values (28).…”

“…A list of transcripts that were differentially expressed as a function of treatment (PA, TNF␣, and PA ϩ TNF␣) was generated, and correlation-based hierarchical clustering between treatment groups was performed. Known biological functions of genes were queried using Affymetrix NetAffx and gene ontology (GO) analyses for biological processes performed using GeneSpring (58,67). Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to identify molecular functions and transcription factors enriched by PA and combination treatments.…”

RNA-seq analysis of the rat placentation site reveals maternal obesity-associated changes in placental and offspring thyroid hormone signaling

“…Diets were 20% protein, 75% carbohydrate and 5% fat as percentage of total calories. Caloric intake for lean rats mimicked body weight gains of rats consuming standard diets ad libitum (1;2;4;11). Following 3 wk of diets, female rats were bred with lean males and successful mating was confirmed by the presence of sperm in the vaginal lavage the next morning [dpc 0.5].…”