Carbon, 1. General

Jäger, Hubert; Frohs, Wilhelm; Collin, Gerd; Sturm, Ferdinand von; Vohler, O.; Nutsch, G.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_095.pub2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Chars have incipient pore networks and depending on the precursor and synthesis procedure (i.e., carbonization method, temperature, and time) it is possible to tailor their surface chemistry from highly acidic to basic surface chemistries rich in oxygen groups or even other electron rich atoms (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus) in order to meet with the needs of a specific process. The oldest known use of char (carbonized wood, coal, or partially devolatilized coals), also known as charcoal, dates to the Stone Age when the material was used as black pigment for cave painting [144]. Greeks and Romans used charcoal in the treatment of various diseases, and Hindus for water treatment.…”

Section: Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole by Semiconductor and Carbon Materials: A Review

2019

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The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment is a reality that calls for more efficient water treatment technologies. Photocatalysis is a powerful technology available but the high energy costs associated with the use of UV irradiation hinder its large scale implementation. More sustainable and cheaper photocatalytic processes can be achieved by improving the sunlight harvesting and the synthesis of semiconductor/carbon composites has proved to be a promising strategy. Carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole were selected as target pharmaceuticals due to their recalcitrant behavior during conventional wastewater treatment and persistence in the environment, as properly reviewed. The literature data on the photocatalytic removal of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole by semiconductor/carbon materials was critically revised to highlight the role of the carbon in the enhanced semiconductor performance under solar irradiation. Generally it was demonstrated that carbon materials induce red-shift absorption and they contribute to more effective charge separation, thus improving the composite photoactivity. Carbon was added as a dopant (C-doping) or as support or doping materials (i.e., nanoporous carbons, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and derived materials, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and biochars) and in the large majority of the cases, TiO2 was the semiconductor tested. The specific role of carbon materials is dependent on their properties but even the more amorphous forms, like nanoporous carbons or biochars, allow to prepare composites with improved properties compared to the bare semiconductor. The self-photocatalytic activity of the carbon materials was also reported and should be further explored. The removal and mineralization rates, as well as degradation pathways and toxicity of the treated solutions were also critically analyzed.

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Section: Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole by Semiconductor and Carbon Materials: A Review

2019

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“…In fact, carbonized wood was the first known carbon material used by mankind. Already in prehistory times, it was applied to make artistic black pigments such as those used in Altamira Cave (Santillana del Mar, Spain) . Later on, in the ancient age, other applications appeared such as in metallurgy for the smelting of ores in which charcoal was used as a reducing agent or in water purification taking advantage of its adsorption properties after specific activation treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Already in prehistory times, it was applied to make artistic black pigments such as those used in Altamira Cave (Santillana del Mar, Spain). 10 Later on, in the ancient age, other applications appeared such as in metallurgy for the smelting of ores in which charcoal was used as a reducing agent or in water purification taking advantage of its adsorption properties after specific activation treatments. Currently, the potential use of pyrolyzed wood as the starting conductive material has mainly found application in the production of anodes in fuel cells 11,12 and of supercapacitors for energy storage applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Potential of Wood Residues for Producing Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors

Duan,

González,

Gich

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Biomass residues from forestry and wood manufacturing contain a high percentage of carbohydrates that can be upcycled to manufacture carbon-based materials of high added value in the context of the circular bioeconomy. This work reports the upscaling of pine, chestnut, and oak wood residues into functional conductive carbon materials applied to the manufacturing of electrochemical sensors. Studies carried out by thermogravimetry, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and electrochemical measurements revealed a clear correlation between the biomass structure and the electrochemical performance of the resulting carbon material structure. The electrochemical response of the produced carbons appeared to be negatively affected by the wood hemicellulose content but positively correlated with the content of cellulose and lignin. Of the three tested wood wastes, chestnut-derived carbon exhibits the best electrochemical performance, being thus selected as the feedstock to fabricate screen-printed electrochemical devices. Batches of 120 screen-printed devices were prepared from 20 mL of carbon ink obtained from 60 g of chestnut wood wastes. The analytical performance of the fabricated devices was thoroughly assessed in solutions containing representative redox species. Then, devices were applied to the detection of heavy metals by well-known anodic stripping voltammetric detection schemes based on the electrodeposition of Bi or Sb onto the electrode surface. Some real water samples were analyzed in the lab, and the values obtained with the screen-printed device sensors are in good agreement with the reference values, within the error limits. These results demonstrate the potential of applying wood residue-derived carbon materials for the manufacturing of electrochemical sensor devices, looking at reducing the carbon footprint of these widespread analytical tools.

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“…Later, in 3750 BC charcoal was employed for the reduction of copper, manufacturing of bronze and adsorption of odorous vapors, and for various medical purposes, like mediating food poisoning cases, cleaning wounds, etc. At 5 th century BC carbons were applied for drinking water purification, taste and odor removal and disease prevention [1,2,3,4].…”

Section: Literature Background 21 a Brief History And Application Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanostructures with different dimensionality – From synthesis to applications

Puskás

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Carbon, 1. General

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole by Semiconductor and Carbon Materials: A Review

Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole by Semiconductor and Carbon Materials: A Review

Unlocking the Potential of Wood Residues for Producing Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors

Carbon nanostructures with different dimensionality – From synthesis to applications

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