Abstract:Introduction
Carbon 60 (C60) and its derivatives have various biological applications. In our laboratory, we have demonstrated that C60 dissolved in grape seed oil (C60-Oil) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the effectiveness of this formulation to treat diseases of the intestinal tract and specifically ulcerative colitis has not been studied. In this study, we intend to explore the effects of C60-Oil against experimental ulcerative colitis induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodiu… Show more
“… 57 , 58 We used recombinant human intestinal alkaline phosphatase, known to inhibit inflammation, and carbon-60 dissolved in grape seed oil to verify the reliability of the methods in this study. 63 Figure 4 35 kDa B-HA inhibits the production of ROS and TNF-α by human neutrophils in blood vessels. ( A ) The inhibitory effects of low concentrations (40 μg/mL) of HA and 35 kDa B-HA on the production of ROS in freshly extracted human neutrophils.…”
Background
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and HA fragments interact with a variety of human body receptors and are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions and leukocyte trafficking in the body. Accordingly, the development of an injectable HA fragment with good tissue permeability, the identification of its indications, and molecular mechanisms are of great significance for its clinical application. The previous studies showed that the clinical effects of injectable 35kDa B-HA result from B-HA binding to multiple receptors in different cells, tissues, and organs. This study lays the foundation for further studies on the comprehensive clinical effects of injectable B-HA.
Methods
We elaborated on the production process, bioactivity assay, efficacy analyses, and safety evaluation of an injectable novel HA fragment with an average molecular weight of 35 kDa (35 kDa B-HA), produced by recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 digestion.
Results
The results showed that 35 kDa B-HA induced human erythrocyte aggregation (rouleaux formation) and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rates through the CD44 receptor. B-HA application and injection treatment significantly promoted the removal of mononuclear cells from the site of inflammation and into the lymphatic circulation. At a low concentration, 35 kDa B-HA inhibited production of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor by neutrophils; at a higher concentration, 35 kDa B-HA promoted the migration of monocytes. Furthermore, 35 kDa B-HA significantly inhibited the migration of neutrophils with or without lipopolysaccharide treatment, suggesting that in local tissues, higher concentrations of 35 kDa B-HA have antiinflammatory effects. After
99m
Tc radiolabeled 35 kDa B-HA was intravenously injected into mice, it quickly entered into the spleen, liver, lungs, kidneys and other organs through the blood circulation.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the HA fragment B-HA has good tissue permeability and antiinflammatory effects, laying a theoretical foundation for further clinical studies.
“… 57 , 58 We used recombinant human intestinal alkaline phosphatase, known to inhibit inflammation, and carbon-60 dissolved in grape seed oil to verify the reliability of the methods in this study. 63 Figure 4 35 kDa B-HA inhibits the production of ROS and TNF-α by human neutrophils in blood vessels. ( A ) The inhibitory effects of low concentrations (40 μg/mL) of HA and 35 kDa B-HA on the production of ROS in freshly extracted human neutrophils.…”
Background
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and HA fragments interact with a variety of human body receptors and are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions and leukocyte trafficking in the body. Accordingly, the development of an injectable HA fragment with good tissue permeability, the identification of its indications, and molecular mechanisms are of great significance for its clinical application. The previous studies showed that the clinical effects of injectable 35kDa B-HA result from B-HA binding to multiple receptors in different cells, tissues, and organs. This study lays the foundation for further studies on the comprehensive clinical effects of injectable B-HA.
Methods
We elaborated on the production process, bioactivity assay, efficacy analyses, and safety evaluation of an injectable novel HA fragment with an average molecular weight of 35 kDa (35 kDa B-HA), produced by recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 digestion.
Results
The results showed that 35 kDa B-HA induced human erythrocyte aggregation (rouleaux formation) and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rates through the CD44 receptor. B-HA application and injection treatment significantly promoted the removal of mononuclear cells from the site of inflammation and into the lymphatic circulation. At a low concentration, 35 kDa B-HA inhibited production of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor by neutrophils; at a higher concentration, 35 kDa B-HA promoted the migration of monocytes. Furthermore, 35 kDa B-HA significantly inhibited the migration of neutrophils with or without lipopolysaccharide treatment, suggesting that in local tissues, higher concentrations of 35 kDa B-HA have antiinflammatory effects. After
99m
Tc radiolabeled 35 kDa B-HA was intravenously injected into mice, it quickly entered into the spleen, liver, lungs, kidneys and other organs through the blood circulation.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the HA fragment B-HA has good tissue permeability and antiinflammatory effects, laying a theoretical foundation for further clinical studies.
“…Another study found that administering grape seed oil enema significantly improved inflammation in colitis rats [81]. In addition, grape seed oil rich in Carbon 60 significantly reduced the inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis rats [82]. The therapeutic effect of grape seed oil on IBD is attributed to its powerful antioxidant activity.…”
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), the exact cause of which is still unknown. Numerous studies have confirmed that diet is one of the major environmental factors associated with IBD, as it can regulate the gut microbiota and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Since the consumption of oil is essential in the diet, improving IBD through oil has potential. In this article, we first briefly reviewed the current treatment methods for IBD and introduce the role of natural oils in improving inflammatory diseases. We then focused on the recent discovery of the role of natural oils in the prevention and treatment of IBD and summarized their main mechanisms of action. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of oils derived from different plants and animals has been validated in various experimental animal models. These oils are capable of improving the intestinal homeostasis in IBD animal models through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of the gut microbiota, protection of the intestinal barrier, reduction in colonic inflammation, improvement in oxidative stress levels in the intestine, and regulation of immune homeostasis. Therefore, dietary or topical use of natural oils may have potential therapeutic effects on IBD. However, currently, only a few clinical trials support the aforementioned conclusions. This review emphasized the positive effects of natural oils on IBD and encouraged more clinical trials to provide more reliable evidence on the improvement of human IBD by natural oils as functional substances.
“…Previous study also suggest C-60 as a viable alternative for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions [17]. Our previous study demonstrated the efficacy of orally administered fat-soluble C-60 oil in treating colitis in mice [18]. Relevant patents and additional studies have further supported the role of fat-soluble C-60 oil in colitis treatment in mice [19][20][21][22].…”
Carbon-60 (fullerene) is a football-shaped carbon compound composed of 60 carbons with a molecular weight of 720. The discovery of carbon-60 earned three scientists the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Carbon-60 is an inorganic form of carbon. While most inorganic carbons are typically biologically inert, Carbon-60 stands out due to its existence as distinct molecules rather than extended arrays of atoms. Owing to its antioxidant properties, carbon-60 has found application in cosmetology and dermatology. However, its low solubility in water (<10−11 g•l−1) has limited its study and medical application. Therefore, concerns have arisen regarding the dispersion of fat-soluble carbon-60 in aqueous solutions or human body fluids. Our research demonstrated that carbon-60 oil exhibits a more potent antioxidant effect compared to water-soluble vitamin C in aqueous solutions, whereas fat-soluble vitamin E shows no antioxidant effects in such solutions. In vitro studies involving cellular and animal models have suggested that carbon-60 oil effectively inhibits the proinflammatory actions of human neutrophils in cell culture media and reduces level of inflammatory marker of C-reactive protein in the blood of beagle dogs. C-reactive protein in the blood mainly serves as a marker for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular inflammation, possibly promoting such inflammation. Some research indicates that oral administration of carbon-60 oil to mice extends their lifespan and effectively treats colitis. In summary, this review discusses, in the context of carbon-60, recent advancements in antioxidant activity, skin inflammation, colitis treatment and potential use for treatment of C-reactive protein related diseases. This review is essential for understanding the future potential of carbon-60 as an oral drug for treating colitis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular inflammatory diseases.
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