Carbon‐Based 3D Architectures as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Battery Systems

Abstract

Graphite, with its exceptional cyclic performance, continues to dominate as the preferred anode material for lithium−ion batteries. However as high−energy application gains momentum, there is growing demand for higher capacities that alloying/de alloying and conversion type anode materials can offer. Despite their potential, these materials are plagued by challenges such as volumetric fluctuations, low conductivities, and poor cyclic stability. Carbon nanostructures, on the other hand, show tremendous promise with their low volume expansion, high ion diffusion rates, and excellent conductivity. Nevertheless, their limited areal and volumetric densities restrict their widespread utilization. To address these limitations, various strategies such as doping, composite formation, and structural modification have been proposed. This article provides a succinct overview of carbon nanomaterials and their electrochemical performance as 3D carbon–based anodes, along with a comprehensive analysis of the strategies employed to overcome associated challenges while evaluating their potential prospects in the field.