Carbon-based nanostructured materials and their composites as supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract

This critical review provides an overview of current research on carbon-based nanostructured materials and their composites for use as supercapacitor electrodes. Particular emphasis has been directed towards basic principles of supercapacitors and various factors affecting their performance. The focus of the review is the detailed discussion regarding the performance and stability of carbon-based materials and their composites. Pseudo-active species, such as, conducting polymer/metal oxide have been found to exhibit pseudo-capacitive behavior and carbon-based materials demonstrate electrical double layer capacitance. Carbon-based materials, such as, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, provide high surface area for the deposition of conducting polymer/metal oxide that facilitates the efficient ion diffusion phenomenon and contribute towards higher specific capacitance of the carbon based composite materials with excellent cyclic stability. However, further scope of research still exists from the view point of developing high energy supercapacitor devices in a cost effective and simple way. This review will be of value to researchers and emerging scientists dealing with or interested in carbon chemistry.

Supercapacitors specialities - Materials review

“…Other recent reviews related to supercapacitor materials are available [105][106][107][108][109]. Many reported results refer to nanostructured carbon based materials and different related composites used for the manufacture of experimental supercapacitor electrodes.…”

Heteroatom–doped hollow carbon microspheres based on amphiphilic supramolecular vesicles and highly crosslinked polyphosphazene for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials

“…S3. HCMS-750 showed more regular rectangular shapes even at high scan rates, suggesting faster diffusion of the electrolyte [42]. It mainly benefited from the welldeveloped pore structure and high BET surface of HCMS-750 at higher activation temperature.…”

“…These curves show near rectangular shape, indicating ideal electric double-layer capacitive behavior [41]. The CV curves of the samples at different scan rates are shown in Fig.…”

Electrochemical performance of MCMB/(AC+LiFePO4) lithium-ion capacitors

“…As for activated carbon cathodes, the specific capacity is directly proportional to the surface area accessible to electrolytes. Current porous carbon materials have surface areas of about 1000-3500 m 2 /g, with corresponding capacitances of less than 200 F/g in aqueous electrolytes and 100 F/g in organic electrolytes [12]. Therefore, the low capacity of AC hinders further improvement of energy density in LICs.…”