Carbon dots: materials, synthesis, properties and approaches to long-wavelength and multicolor emission

Wu, Zhu; Liu, Ze Xi; Yuan, Yunhuan

doi:10.1039/c7tb00363c

Cited by 290 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of luminescent material, have drawn extensive attention during the past decade . Scientists have made great efforts to develop this material, and now, CDs can be easily fabricated from abundant low‐cost sources with green methods, and exhibit excellent photostability and low cytotoxicity, especially the amazing photoluminescence (PL) . However, the PL mechanisms of CDs are controversial and the formation processes of CDs also remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent‐Controlled Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots with a Wide Color Gamut and Narrowed Emission Peak Widths

Ding

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2018

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530

342

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Carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential applications in bioimaging, biomedicine, and optoelectronics. By far, it is still difficult to produce photoluminescence (PL) tunable CDs with high quantum yield (QY) across the entire visible spectrum and narrow the emission peak widths of CDs close to those of typical quantum dots. In this work, a series of CDs with tunable emission from 443 to 745 nm, quantum yield within 13-54%, and narrowed full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 108 to 55 nm, are obtained by only adjusting the reaction solvents in a one-pot solvothermal route. The distinct optical features of these CDs are based on their differences in the particle size, and the content of graphitic nitrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups, which can be modulated by controlling the dehydration and carbonization processes during solvothermal reactions. Blue, green, yellow, red, and even pure white light emitting films (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE)= 0.33, 0.33, QY = 39%) are prepared by dispersing one or three kinds of CDs into polyvinyl alcohol with appropriate ratios. The near-infrared emissive CDs are excellent fluorescent probes for both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging because of their high QY in water, long-term stability, and low cytotoxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent‐Controlled Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots with a Wide Color Gamut and Narrowed Emission Peak Widths

Ding

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2018

Small

530

342

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“…During the past few years, much progress has been made in the synthesis, properties, and applications of CDs, as reviewed by Baker et al., Lee et al., Ray et al., Lim et al., Zhu et al., Zuo et al., Wang et al., Wu et al., Fernando et al., Zhu et al., and Wang et al . Many people pay attention to only the nature and application of CDs, ignoring the importance of carbon sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐Derived Carbon Dots and Their Applications

Meng

Bai

Wang

et al. 2019

Energy & Environ Materials

409

179

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Carbon dots (CDs) have received much attention due to their superior properties including water solubility, low toxicity, biocompatibility, small size, fluorescence, and ease of modification. The use of a more environmentally friendly method to prepare high‐quality CDs is still an urgent question waiting for solve. The use of renewable, inexpensive, and green biomass resources not only meets the urgent need for large‐scale synthesis biomass CDs (BCDs), but also promotes the development of sustainable applications. In this article, we summarize the representative methods for synthesizing BCDs in green and simple ways using biomass as a carbon source, including hydrothermal carbonization, and microwave, pyrolysis. The prepared BCDs have a uniform particle size distribution and a relatively high throughput, which provide a method to scale up industrial production. Moreover, the integration of specific optical properties, that is, tunable photoluminescence and up‐photoluminescence, has led to remarkable use in bioimaging, sensing, and drug delivery. But the current review is not particularly comprehensive for BCDs. Therefore, we now provide a review focusing on the synthesis, properties, and recent advances in BCDs in biosensing, bioimaging, optoelectronics, and catalytic applications.

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“…During the past few years, much progress has been achieved in the synthesis, properties, and applications of CDs, as reviewed by Baker et al., Lee et al., Ray et al., Lim et al., Zhu et al., Zuo et al., Wang et al., Wu et al., Fernando et al., Zhu et al., and Wang et al . Compared with traditional semiconductor quantum dots, upconverting nanoparticles, and organic dyes, photoluminescent CDs show many advantages, including high photostability, high aqueous solubility, robust chemical inertness, and easy modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural‐Product‐Derived Carbon Dots: From Natural Products to Functional Materials

et al. 2017

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Nature provides an almost limitless supply of sources that inspire scientists to develop new materials with novel applications and less of an environmental impact. Recently, much attention has been focused on preparing natural‐product‐derived carbon dots (NCDs), because natural products have several advantages. First, natural products are renewable and have good biocompatibility. Second, natural products contain heteroatoms, which facilitate the fabrication of heteroatom‐doped NCDs without the addition of an external heteroatom source. Finally, some natural products can be used to prepare NCDs in ways that are very green and simple relative to traditional methods for the preparation of carbon dots from man‐made carbon sources. NCDs have shown tremendous potential in many fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis. This Review addresses recent progress in the synthesis, properties, and applications of NCDs. The challenges and future direction of research on NCD‐based materials in this booming field are also discussed.

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Carbon dots: materials, synthesis, properties and approaches to long-wavelength and multicolor emission

Cited by 290 publications

References 204 publications

Solvent‐Controlled Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots with a Wide Color Gamut and Narrowed Emission Peak Widths

Solvent‐Controlled Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots with a Wide Color Gamut and Narrowed Emission Peak Widths

Biomass‐Derived Carbon Dots and Their Applications

Natural‐Product‐Derived Carbon Dots: From Natural Products to Functional Materials

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