Carbon footprint model for evaluating the global warming impact of food transport refrigeration systems

Design of Green Cold Chain Networks for Imported Fresh Agri-Products in Belt and Road Development

“…Accordingly, we consider three factors, namely, distance, outdoor ambient temperature, and the set point of refrigerator temperature regarding different types of products. The most comprehensive data that show the relationship between ambient temperatures, refrigeration temperatures, and vehicular GHG emissions are presented by Wu et al [7]. It indicates clearly that higher ambient temperatures lead to higher energy consumption and, consequently, increased carbon emissions.…”

“…For example, if a customer at the city of Harbin demands a pitaya from Vietnam, the transportation distance inside China will be around 3516 kilometers from the port of Nanning to the city of Harbin, and the difference of the average temperatures between the two cities is up to 20 degrees centigrade. Due to door openings; product removal/loading; conduction through walls, roofs, and floors of the refrigerated warehouses and vehicles; and length of the journey; the heat transfer between the outside air and refrigerators is highly affected by the outdoor air temperatures [4][5][6][7]. Consequently, the outdoor ambient temperature conditions during transportation and storage will change the energy consumption for maintaining the set-point temperature.…”

Is It Useful to Improve Modelling of Usage Scenarios to Improve the Environmental Footprint of Energy-Using Product?

“…a hierarchy) is built in order to model all the parameters that can influence energy consumption of a TRU (Fig. 1) based on literature review [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and expert knowledges from Carrier Transicold. As explained in the introduction, many Fig.…”

“…As explained in the introduction, many Fig. 1 Directed acyclic graph of energy parameters influencing energy consumption of TRU based on literature review [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and expert knowledge's from Carrier Transicold internal and external parameters can influence the energy consumption of the system. The graph shows the complexity of energy consumption modelling and the number of parameters that have to be considered to obtain a realistic usage scenario.…”

“…However, the use phase it depends on several factors which are influencing the energy consumption. The latter include: trailer specification, size and packaging of product loaded, outside climate (temperature, hygrometry), operating mode (continuous run vs. start/stop), start/stop parameters, type of product (fresh or frozen), type of transport (urban distribution vs. long haul), speed of engine, coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit and refrigerant efficiency [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”