Carbon monoxide levels at a toll plaza near Durban, South Africa

Diab, R. D.; Foster, Sorcha; Francois, Kerri Lee; Martincigh, Bice S.; Salter, Leo

doi:10.1007/s10311-005-0111-1

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…At present, more attention is paid to the thermal environment in the sentry box. Generally, there are split air conditioners, but they cannot solve occupants' needs for fresh air, while the way of opening windows to form natural ventilation [3] cannot prevent the intrusion of pollutants. Sapkota et al [4] tried to use positive pressure control for the entire space to curb the entry of pollutants, but the problem is that when the doors and windows are opened, it is difficult to ensure the positive pressure in the room and does not save energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Research on Ventilation Control of Gaseous Pollutants in Urban Sentry Boxes

Yin

Deng

et al. 2022

E3S Web Conf.

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The tiny spaces of sentry boxes in cities, such as mobile security guards, highway toll booths, etc., are mostly located beside roads with harsh outdoor environments. Due to office demands, work windows often need to be kept or frequently opened. The intrusion of outdoor pollutants through the windows leads to the deterioration of the indoor air quality, and threatens the health of employees. This paper takes the gaseous pollutant NO2 as the representative and discusses the effective ventilation design scheme for improving the air quality in the sentry box with openings using two attached ventilation modes as the carrier. Taking the vertical wall-attached ventilation as an example, the formation of the air curtain at the window hole and its barrier performance to outdoor pollutants were studied. The conclusion is that when the air supply velocity is sufficient to form a complete air curtain at the window hole, it can effectively block the pollutants. The horizontal wall-attached ventilation shows that clean air is delivered to the space with openings, and the indoor air quality can also be well improved due to the dilution effect, but the effect of positive pressure control is not obvious due to the large opening. The conclusions can provide guidance for the ventilation design of sentry boxes with openings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Research on Ventilation Control of Gaseous Pollutants in Urban Sentry Boxes

Yin

Deng

et al. 2022

E3S Web Conf.

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“…open burning, stationary and mobile sources, with mobile sources regarded as the highest contributor to air pollution, and accounting for approximately 70% -75% of total air pollution for the past five (5) Toll booths can be described as a worst-case scenario of air pollution exposure, as operators are exposed to a combination of pollutants including Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), BTEX (Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [4], ultrafine particles [5], Organic Carbon [6], and Carbon monoxide [7] and Nitrogen Dioxide [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Sampling of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide at Toll Plazas in Malaysia

Ekeu-wei¹,

Azuma²,

Ogunmuyiwa³

2018

OJAP

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With the increasing trend of development and industrialization in Malaysia, air pollution has become an inevitable part of the process, resulting from increased vehicular activities and industrial processes. Toll operators are potentially exposed to high levels of air pollutants from working in proximity to traffic pollution sources, thereby increasing their risk of health defects associated with air pollution exposure. This study assessed the levels of Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) toll operators are exposed to, considering the influences traffic density and meteorological factors. This is intended to serve as an indicator of the cumulative pollution emanating from the combustion process of vehicles at toll plazas. Using Passive diffusion samplers saturated with Triethanolamine (TEA), the weekly indoor and outdoor NO 2 concentrations at tollbooth were measured at Sungai Besi (SB), Kajang (KJ) and Putra-Makhota (PM) toll Plazas, to capture the varying traffic densities of 138,000, 65,000 and 24,100 vehicles/day respectively. The results showed that NO 2 concentrations increase with traffic densities, and indoor NO 2 concentrations correlated highly with outdoor NO 2 concentrations (R 2 : SB = 0.767, KJ = 0.689 and PM = 0.877). The indoor/outdoor NO 2 ratio varied from 0.7 to 1.2 for all toll booths, suggesting pollution control in-efficiency, caused by technical and behavioural factors. Also, meteorological factors had no significant effect on nitrogen dioxide concentrations, contrary to previous studies, which is likely due to the far distance between tool plazas and meteorological stations. Furthermore, the NO 2 concentrations reported in this study were higher in comparison to weekly standards adopted in Germany (0.032 ppm) and previous literature. Therefore, toll operators are potentially exposed to high levels of pollution, and we advise that toll operators to wear pollution protection gears to reduce the risk of exposure, and the ventilation systems and mitigation measure (air curtain) reviewed to assess its efficiency.

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Characterizing spatiotemporal distributions of black carbon and PM2.5 at a toll station: Observations on manual and electronic toll collection lanes

Luo

Wang

et al. 2021

Building and Environment

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Carbon monoxide levels at a toll plaza near Durban, South Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Simulation Research on Ventilation Control of Gaseous Pollutants in Urban Sentry Boxes

Simulation Research on Ventilation Control of Gaseous Pollutants in Urban Sentry Boxes

Passive Sampling of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide at Toll Plazas in Malaysia

Characterizing spatiotemporal distributions of black carbon and PM2.5 at a toll station: Observations on manual and electronic toll collection lanes

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