Carbon nanoparticle-guided intraoperative lymph node biopsy predicts the status of lymph nodes posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

Background: The lymph nodes in the right central compartment can be divided into 2 parts by the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and there is a lack of an accurate and convenient method for assessing metastases in the lymph node posterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-prRLN) in cN0 thyroid papillary carcinoma patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with cN0 thyroid papillary carcinoma and underwent intraoperative carbon nanoparticle-guided lymph node biopsy from January 2017 to November 2020 at the Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The intraoperative frozen section examination and postoperative LN-prRLN status should have been comprehensively recorded. The participants were divided into the LN-prRLN positive group and LN-prRLN negative group according to their recorded LN-prRLN status. Results: In total, 189 cases (LN-prRLN positive group, n=30; LN-prRLN negative group, n=159) were included in the analysis. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that the number of metastatic lymph nodes during intraoperative lymph node biopsy was the potential predictor for LN-prRLN metastasis [odds ratio (OR): 1.320, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.057 to 1.649, P=0.014]. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) reached 0.7 upon a combined analysis of multiple lymph node statuses located at pre-laryngeal (Delphian), pre-tracheal, and para-tracheal lymph nodes ipsilateral to the tumor in predicting the metastasis of LN-prRLN, and the cutoff value was 0.5. Conclusions: Number of metastatic lymph nodes in intraoperative biopsy was an indicator of LN-prRLN metastasis in cN0 thyroid carcinoma patients. Patients staging in cN0 with negative intraoperative lymph node status might be considered not to require LN-prRLN dissection during central lymph nodes dissection.

LASSO-based machine learning models for the prediction of central lymph node metastasis in clinically negative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…It is still controversial whether clinically negative (cN0) central neck patients should routinely perform preventive central node dissection (CND). Guidelines from China and Japan are more aggressive, and they suggest that prophylactic CND should be routinely performed with appropriate protection of the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve ( 6 , 7 ). Conversely, for T1 or T2, non-invasive and cN0 PTC patients, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines do not recommend prophylactic CND ( 8 ).…”

A Nomogram Based on Clinicopathological and Ultrasound Imaging Characteristics for Predicting Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in cN0 Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

“…The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) management guidelines for PTC do not recommend routine prophylactic CLND for T1 or T2, noninvasive, and clinically node-negative PTC (cN0) ( 1 ). The Chinese and Japanese guidelines for PTC recommend that prophylactic CLND should be performed with proper protection of the parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) ( 7 , 8 ). Undoubtedly, unnecessary CLND will increase the incidence of hypoparathyroidism and RLN injury.…”