Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors

Penza, M.; Martin, Philip; Yeow, John T. W.

doi:10.1007/5346_2014_59

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…Covalent and non-covalent methods have been employed to functionalize CNTs with various materials including polymers (Salavagione et al, 2014), metal oxides (Zhang et al, 2013), metals (Penza et al, 2014) and organometallic complex (Brunet et al, 2012). In particular, the functionalization with metal nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to highly sensitive and selective gas sensors thanks to the extraordinary catalytic properties of the metal NPs (Feldheim and Foss, 2002), as already suggested by several experimental (Khalap et al, 2010), theoretical (Pannopard et al, 2009) and combined (Kauffman et al, 2010) works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO<sub>2</sub> detection

Dilonardo

Penza

Alvisi

et al. 2014

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. In the present study, Au-surfactant core-shell colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled dimension and composition were synthesized by sacrificial anode electrolysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Au NPs core diameter is between 8 and 12 nm, as a function of the electrosynthesis conditions. Moreover, surface spectroscopic characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the presence of nanosized gold phase. Controlled amounts of Au NPs were then deposited electrophoretically on carbon nanotube (CNT) networked films. The resulting hybrid materials were morphologically and chemically characterized using TEM, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XPS analyses, which revealed the presence of nanoscale gold, and its successful deposition on CNTs. Au NP/CNT networked films were tested as active layers in a two-pole resistive NO 2 sensor for sub-ppm detection in the temperature range of 100-200 • C. Au NP/CNT exhibited a p-type response with a decrease in the electrical resistance upon exposure to oxidizing NO 2 gas and an increase in resistance upon exposure to reducing gases (e.g. NH 3 ). It was also demonstrated that the sensitivity of the Au NP/CNT-based sensors depends on Au loading; therefore, the impact of the Au loading on gas sensing performance was investigated as a function of the working temperature, gas concentration and interfering gases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, continued progress in CNT-based sensor development for gas detection has been achieved (Zhang et al, 2008;Bondavalli et al, 2009;Penza et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO<sub>2</sub> detection

Dilonardo

Penza

Alvisi

et al. 2014

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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“…Indeed, a large body of studies reports the response of CNTs to many gases, in particular to ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, as prototypes of reducing and oxidizing gas, respectively. Many CNT-based gas sensors devices have been tested so far, showing that CNTs are a promising class of materials for the development of gas sensors [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Cnt Interaction With Gases: From Surface Chemistry To Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Properties, Characterization and Selected Applications

Pintossi

Sangaletti

2015

Low-Dimensional and Nanostructured Materials and Devices

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Carbon nanotubes are challenging materials from the point of view of nanotechnology, because of their peculiar electrical, mechanical and optical properties arising from their monodimensional geometry. Here, the properties of carbon nanotubes are discussed, starting from their crystalline structure, in order to understand their optical, electrical and vibrational behavior. In the second section, the most popular CNT synthesis mechanism are presented, while the last section is devoted to the CNTs applications, focusing on photovoltaic and gas sensor devices.

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“…Essentially, gases like NH 3 and H 2 are electron donor so that a charge transfer occurs when these molecules adsorb on the CNTs and graphene thus modifying their conductance increasing their resistivity. In contrast, electron acceptor gas molecules such as NO 2 and O 2 induce a resistance decrease [318][319][320]. Measuring the change of the resistivity, a qualitative and quantitative information about the gas is obtained.…”

Section: Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functionalization of these carbon nanostructures is utilized to attach metal nanoparticles like Pt, Ag, Au, Al, Cu, Sn, Pd which enable selective sensing of gases like H 2 , NH 3 , NO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, and CO [321][322][323][324] and their oxides [325][326][327][328][329]. More information about CNTs, graphene gas sensors may be found in [318,320,330]. Mixed fullerenes CNTs hybrids were utilized to fabricate a gas diffusion electrode for the production of H 2 O 2 with a production rate of 4834.57 mg·L −1 h −1 [331].…”

Section: Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

Speranza

2019

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The carbon-based materials (CbMs) refer to a class of substances in which the carbon atoms can assume different hybridization states (sp 1 , sp 2 , sp 3 ) leading to different allotropic structures -. In these substances, the carbon atoms can form robust covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or with a vast class of metallic and non-metallic elements, giving rise to an enormous number of compounds from small molecules to long chains to solids. This is one of the reasons why the carbon chemistry is at the basis of the organic chemistry and the biochemistry from which life on earth was born. In this context, the surface chemistry assumes a substantial role dictating the physical and chemical properties of the carbon-based materials. Different functionalities are obtained by bonding carbon atoms with heteroatoms (mainly oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) determining a certain reactivity of the compound which otherwise is rather weak. This holds for classic materials such as the diamond, the graphite, the carbon black and the porous carbon but functionalization is widely applied also to the carbon nanostructures which came at play mainly in the last two decades. As a matter of fact, nowadays, in addition to fabrication of nano and porous structures, the functionalization of CbMs is at the basis of a number of applications as catalysis, energy conversion, sensing, biomedicine, adsorption etc. This work is dedicated to the modification of the surface chemistry reviewing the different approaches also considering the different macro and nano allotropic forms of carbon.C 2019, 5, 84 3 of 45 narrow graphite-like interconnected layers. This leads to a closed pore rigid structure that is chemically inert, hard but brittle [48][49][50].Due to the highly resistant, conductive, and inert network, glassy carbons are utilized in a series of rather different applications. They are utilized as electrodes in solid state batteries and in industrial harsh chemical processes where also high temperatures are involved such as crystallization of CaF2, CdS and ZnS. Glassy carbon can be utilized to manufacture high temperature furnace elements. Due to the chemical inertness, glassy carbons are utilized also in fabrication of protheses. Porous carbon and carbon black are much softer. Generally, in industrial applications important is the extension of the surface which is exposed to the external environment. The porous carbon is characterized by a high specific surface area enhancing the interaction with the external medium. Although it possesses a lower conductivity with respect to glassy carbon, the high porosity and the presence of active sites makes it a good material to fabricate electrodes for applications in electrochemistry [51][52][53] and bioelectrodes for sensing and stimulation [54,55].The same holds for the carbon black mainly utilized as additive in rubbers and polymers to improve their mechanical properties, or as a pigment [56] although new potentialities have been recently envisaged [57].Common to all the forms of carbon which are bri...

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Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors

Cited by 16 publications

References 218 publications

Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO<sub>2</sub> detection

Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO<sub>2</sub> detection

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Properties, Characterization and Selected Applications

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

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Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors

Cited by 16 publications

References 218 publications

Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; detection

Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; detection

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Properties, Characterization and Selected Applications

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

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Product

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Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO<sub>2</sub> detection

Electrophoretic deposition of Au NPs on CNT networks for sensitive NO<sub>2</sub> detection