“…The unique physicochemical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) lend themselves to a variety of industrial and biomedical applications (for recent reviews, see [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]). However, there are environmental health and safety (EH&S) concerns associated with MWNTs because of consistent reports that they can be toxic (for recent reviews, see [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]). Moreover, anthropogenic MWNTs have been found in the lungs of asthmatic Parisian children not known to have been exposed to a source of MWNTs, suggesting that MWNTs may be a previously unrecognized air pollutant [ 23 ].…”