Carbon Nanotubes versus Graphene as Flexible Transparent Electrodes in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Transparent carbon electrodes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene were used as the bottom electrode in flexible inverted perovskite solar cells. Their photovoltaic performance and mechanical resilience were compared and analyzed using various techniques. Whereas a conventional inverted perovskite solar cells using indium tin oxide showed a power conversion efficiency of 17.8%, the carbon nanotube- and graphene-based cells showed efficiencies of 12.8% and 14.2%, respectively. An established MoO doping was used for carbon electrode-based devices. The difference in the photovoltaic performance between the carbon nanotube- and graphene-based cells was due to the difference in morphology and transmittance. Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic flexural testing revealed that the graphene-based cells were more susceptible to strain than the carbon nanotube-based cells, though the difference was marginal. Overall, despite higher performance, the transfer step for graphene has lower reproducibility. Thus, the development of better graphene transfer methods would help maximize the current capacity of graphene-based cells.

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Emerging Solar Cells: Synthesis and Electrode Applications

“…[183] Hence, more attention should be paid to the surface morphology improvement either by controlling the growth process of SWNTs or by post-treatments. Wettability is an essential factor in solar cell fabrication.…”

“…The fact that CNT electrodes are hydrophobic limits the type of materials that can be deposited on top and the deposition methodology as well. [183] However, there are other traits that we have not yet investigated. There are numerous chemical treatments that enable this.…”

“…In particular, the precise p-type doping effect can be quantified by analyzing the upshifted G and 2D Raman spectroscopy bands arising from the phonon stiffening effect, and quenching of the van Hove singularities (E M 11 , E S 22 , E S 11 ). The comparison involving single-layered graphene and SWNTs was www.advancedsciencenews.com conducted by Jeon et al [183] The devices were compared and contrasted in terms of photovoltaic performance and mechanical properties (Figure 14a). Accordingly, the highest PCE of 6.32% was obtained from 35 v/v% HNO 3 -doped SWNT transparent electrode-based PSC (Table 3: Device L, Figure 13b).…”

“…We attribute the problem to the surfactant-added PEDOT:PSS-soaked SWNT-electrode exhibiting low surface energy, which shortened the anti-solvent dropping time-window. [183] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. In fact, the acidic nature of PEDOT:PSS functioned as a mild dopant and contributed to lowering the sheet resistance.…”

Flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Herstellung und Anwendungen

“…Auch andere Metalloxide [148] und Metallfilme [149] wurden verwendet, jedoch zeigten die flexiblen Bauelemente eine unbefriedigende Leistung. [156] Im Jahr 2015 wurde eine transparente CNT-Elektrode in flexiblen PSCs auf Titanfilmsubstrat eingesetzt. PEDOT:PSS ist bekannt fürh ohe Leitfähigkeit, Transmission und Abdeckung,n iedrigen Schichtwiderstand sowie eine einfache Herstellung durch lçsungsbasierte Methoden.…”