Carbon Screen-Printed Electrode Coated with Poly (Toluidine blue) as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Tyramine

Abstract

In the present work the surface modification of a carbon screen-printed electrode by electrochemical polymerization of toluidine blue (TB) for determination of tyramine is described. The electrochemical polymerization of the electrode with TB was done by cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 50 mV/s and a potential sweep between ‒0.7 V and 1.0 V in the presence of 0.5 mM TB in an electrolyte solution. At each cycle, the polymer film started to deposit on the carbon screen-printed electrode which was repeated 20 times. For parameter optimization the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode was analyzed by amperometric methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was used as an electrolyte for all the amperometric experiments. The electrochemically modified poly-TB-coated carbon-screen-printed electrode showed an oxidation peak potential of tyramine at 0.67 V. The unmodified carbon-screen-printed electrode showed the tyramine oxidation peak potential at 0.9 V. Based on the voltammetric results, it was found that the poly-TB-modified carbon-screen-printed electrode showed higher sensitivity (1.78 µA nM−1 cm−2) than a bare carbon-screen-printed electrode toward tyramine detection. Tyramine in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.4) was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry from the potential of ‒0.7 to 1.0 V at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. The poly-TB-modified carbon-screen-printed electrode exhibited a linear response between catalytic peak current and tyramine concentration from 0.02 µM to 270.5 µM with a lower detection limit of 0.007 µM (S/N = 3).

Screen-Printed Voltammetric Sensors—Tools for Environmental Water Monitoring of Painkillers

“…The polymer layer on the surface of the electrodes can be applied in several ways. Most often it is done by dropping a polymer solution [ 145 ] or electropolymerization [ 137 , 146 , 147 ]. Other methods described in the literature are dispensing, inkjet printing, screen-printing, electrodeposition, electrospray, or pen-writing [ 138 ].…”

Electroactive Core–Shell Chitosan-Coated Lanthanum Iron Oxide as a Food Freshness Level Indicator for Tyramine Content Determination

“…Thus, considering these unfavorable physiological effects of tyramine, it becomes imperative to construct a highly selective, sensitive, simple, cost-effective, and quick responsive methodology for its determination in food samples to assure food quality. Several analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography, colorimetric, ion mobility spectrometry, electrochemical technique, mass spectrometry analysis, and ultra-performance convergence chromatography have been introduced for the quantification of tyramine in food stuffs . It has been mentioned that amine quantification using common liquid/gas chromatography columns is quite a challenging task because the underivatized amines are not easily separated through these columns.…”

“…Several analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography, colorimetric, ion mobility spectrometry, electrochemical technique, mass spectrometry analysis, and ultra-performance convergence chromatography have been introduced for the quantification of tyramine in food stuffs. 11 It has been mentioned that amine quantification using common liquid/gas chromatography columns is quite a challenging task because the underivatized amines are not easily separated through these columns.…”