Carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion of pulverized raw and torrefied biomass

Ren, Xiaohan; Sun, Rui; Meng, Xiaoxiao; Vorobiev, Nikita; Schiemann, Martin; Levendis, Yiannis A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.017

Cited by 182 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…In [4] the authors were comparing emissions obtained from burning of four types of high ash pellet fuels. Authors in [5] analysed gaseous emission from several types of raw and torrefied biomass. Performance of a residential boiler fed with blended olive mill solid waste and pine sawdust is investigated in [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of Agricultural Biomass - Issues and Solutions

Horvat

Dović

2018

TFAMENA

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SummaryBiomass is one of the oldest energy source known to mankind. Progress made so far in understanding of a rather complex direct combustion process allowed for a constant technology development. Increasingly stringent environmental requirements of the EU, especially in terms of the pollutant emissions, require development of new design solutions of the combustion system for residential hot water boilers fuelled by some form of solid biomass. The emissions are becoming even greater problem if, various residues from agricultural production are used instead of a wooden biomass, as they are becoming more desirable fuel due to their lower cost.In this paper, various issues related to the combustion of agricultural biomass are discussed. Attention is given to the problems associated with high volatile matter contents, presence of nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and low ash melting temperatures. At the end, novel design modifications of a conventional residential biomass combustion system are proposed, as the well-known methodologies for combustion and emissions control applied in industrialscale boilers are in most cases not suitable for small-scale units.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of Agricultural Biomass - Issues and Solutions

Horvat

Dović

2018

TFAMENA

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“…Torrefied biomass is more stable, has higher energy density, lower atomic O/C and H/C ratios and moisture content, higher friability and grindability, less biodegradability, less smoking during combustion, and higher hydrophobicity [11,12,[18][19][20][21]. Figure 1 shows changes in biomass properties before and after torrefaction, taken from Chen at al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torrefaction process reduces the particle aspect ratios [19]. Table 1 was constructed, the mass loss of the raw biomass, upon torrefaction taken by [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 was constructed, the mass loss of the raw biomass, upon torrefaction taken by [19]. Torrefaction of biomass occurs at the 200-300°C temperature range, can be categorized into light, mild, and severe torrefaction processes, the temperatures are approximately 200-235, 235-275, and 275-300°C, in our experiments furnace was heated to 275°C [11,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torrefaction of biomass occurs at the 200-300°C temperature range, can be categorized into light, mild, and severe torrefaction processes, the temperatures are approximately 200-235, 235-275, and 275-300°C, in our experiments furnace was heated to 275°C [11,[20][21][22]. Nitrogen is the widely used carrier gas to provide a non-oxidizing atmosphere in most of laboratory tests [19]. Torrefied biomass has been successfully used, such as a fuel in the heating sector, power generation (co-firing), gasification and steel production as well as an upgraded fuel in electric power plants and gasification plants [11,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations on the combustion of torrefied biomass

Tarakcioglu¹

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This thesis examines observations on the combustion of different types of torrefied biomass. The targeted biomass types were waste crop, herbaceous, and woody; they included Corn straw, DDGS, Rice husk, Miscanthus, Bagasse, and Beechwood. Combustion of renewable biomass is of technological interest because it is considered to be nearly carbon-neutral. Furthermore, torrefaction of biomass improves the raw biomass properties and makes more "coal-like".Torrefied biomass has lower volatile matter content, higher fixed carbon content and higher energy content than raw biomass. It is also having low moisture content and it is less biodegradable. In this work, all biomass samples were torrefied at T= 275 °C for half an hour in nitrogen. Thereafter, torrefied biomass was size classified by sieving to obtain size cuts of (75-90) µm, (180-212) µm, (180-212) µm, (212-300) µm, (300-350) µm, (350-500) µm. The experimental setup that was used in this investigation consisted of an electrically-heated drop-tube furnace, operated at wall temperature 1400 K. A three-color pyrometer was interfaced with the furnace and a high-speed high-resolution camera, to record the entire luminous particle combustion profiles of individual particles.As identification of the maximum biomass particle size for combustion in an existing boiler is important, this work observed the time-temperature profiles of the aforementioned particle size and contrasted them to those of typically-used coal particles. It was forward that torrefied biomass particles in the size range of 212−300 μm burned in similar times as those of 75-90 μm coal.

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The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

Feng

Jin

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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To investigate the chemical and structural transformation of bamboo during torrefaction process, bamboo wastes were torrefied at temperatures of 200, 250, and 300°C and residence times of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 hr, whose properties were determined by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (PY‐MS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The results showed that torrefaction improved the energy density and calorific value, reduced the volatile matters, and pollutant emission of bamboo wastes. The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes was due to pyrolysis of some chemical groups. Torrefaction temperatures had the more significant effect than residence times. The energy enrichment factor (EEF), the calorific value improvement (CVI), and fuel ratio (FR) of torrefied bamboo wastes increased with the increase of torrefaction temperatures and residence times. When torrefaction temperatures increased to 300°C, crystalline region of cellulose was destroyed. There were more than 10 families of pyrolysis products, including alcohol, acid, aldehyde, alkane, ester, ether, furan, ketone, phenol, etc. Torrefaction changed the chemical environment of H atoms from aromatics of guaiacs unit, β‐O‐4 structure, β‐β structure to xylan. The β‐O‐4 bond was broken in guaiacle unit and formed aromatization and alkyl side chains. The results will be helpful to reveal torrefaction mechanism of bamboo wastes and further develop their add‐valued utilization as energy products.

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Carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion of pulverized raw and torrefied biomass

Cited by 182 publications

References 50 publications

Combustion of Agricultural Biomass - Issues and Solutions

Combustion of Agricultural Biomass - Issues and Solutions

Observations on the combustion of torrefied biomass

The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

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