Carbon support surface effects in the catalytic performance of Ba-promoted Ru catalyst for ammonia synthesis

Lin, Bingyu; Guo, Yunjie; Cao, Chen-Feng; Ni, Jun; Lin, Jianguo; Jiang, Lilong

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2018.01.008

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The highest NH 3 formation rate of 310 000 μmol g −1 h −1 at 100 bar and 400 °C was observed for the Ba‐promoted Ru catalyst supported on AC‐G when a WHSV of 70 000 mL g −1 h −1 was used. [ 109 ] Although this activity appears high, the flow rate used for their catalytic activity test was relatively high at 70 dm 3 h −1 . When considering the flow rate, the highest activity is seen for Ru/Ba–Ca(NH 2 ) 2 , with 60 400 μmol g −1 h −1 at 9 bar and 360 °C, which was achieved at the much lower flow rate of 3.6 dm 3 h −1 corresponding to a much higher conversion.…”

Section: Ruthenium‐based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Recent Progress on Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts for Haber–Bosch Process

Humphreys

Lan

Tao

2020

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

311

148

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Due to its essential use as a fertilizer, ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen is considered to be one of the most important chemical processes of the last 100 years. Since then, an enormous amount of work has been undertaken to investigate and develop effective catalysts for this process. Although the catalytic synthesis of ammonia has been extensively studied in the last century, many new catalysts are still currently being developed to reduce the operating temperature and pressure of the process and to improve the conversion of reactants to ammonia. New catalysts for the Haber–Bosch process are the key to achieving green ammonia production in the foreseeable future. Herein, the history of ammonia synthesis catalyst development is briefly described as well as recent progress in catalyst development with the aim of building an overview of the current state of ammonia synthesis catalysts for the Haber–Bosch process. The new emerging ammonia synthesis catalysts, including electride, hydride, amide, perovskite oxide hydride/oxynitride hydride, nitride, and oxide promoted metals such as Fe, Co, and Ni, are promising alternatives to the conventional fused‐Fe and promoted‐Ru catalysts for existing ammonia synthesis plants and future distributed green ammonia synthesis based on the Haber–Bosch process.

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Section: Ruthenium‐based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Recent Progress on Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts for Haber–Bosch Process

Humphreys

Lan

Tao

2020

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

311

148

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“…Initial studies have shown Ba and K promoters with oxygen rich functional groups present on AC has improved Ru dispersion, stability and catalytic activity in NH 3 synthesis. [149][150][151] Recently Jiang et al have reported that addition of La to BaÀ KÀ Ru/AC has inhibited methanation of carbon. [152] The strong interaction of reduced LaOx layer beneath Ru particles has suppressed contact between carbon support and Ru particles as result inhibited formation of H species necessary for methanation.…”

Section: Carbon Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Ammonia Synthesis

2020

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“…It is well known that methane can be a source of C for the preparation of nanocarbons over Ru catalysts [30]. Therefore, some methane would be consumed to form deposited C, and thus, the formation of methane has a negligible influence on the activities of catalysts [31,32].…”

Section: Characterizations and Stability Test Of Ba-k/ru-mcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly stable and active mesoporous ruthenium catalyst for ammonia synthesis prepared by a RuCl3/SiO2-templated approach

Zhou

Lan

et al. 2019

Chinese Journal of Catalysis

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Molecular nitrogen is relatively inert and the activation of its triple bond is full of challenges and of significance. Hence, searching for an efficiently heterogeneous catalyst with high stability and dispersion is one of the important targets of chemical technology. Here, we report a Ba-K/Ru-MC catalyst with Ru particle size of 1.5-2.5 nm semi-embedded in a mesoporous C matrix and with dual promoters of Ba and K that exhibits a higher activity than the supported Ba-Ru-K/MC catalyst, although both have similar metal particle sizes for ammonia synthesis. Further, the Ba-K/Ru-MC catalyst is more active than commercial fused Fe catalysts and supported Ru catalysts. Characterization techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, N2 physisorption, CO chemisorption, and temperature-programmed reduction suggest that the Ru nanoparticles have strong interactions with the C matrix in Ba-K/Ru-MC, which may facilitate electron transport better than supported nanoparticles.

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Carbon support surface effects in the catalytic performance of Ba-promoted Ru catalyst for ammonia synthesis

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Development and Recent Progress on Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts for Haber–Bosch Process

Development and Recent Progress on Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts for Haber–Bosch Process

Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Ammonia Synthesis

A highly stable and active mesoporous ruthenium catalyst for ammonia synthesis prepared by a RuCl3/SiO2-templated approach

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