Carbonate ramp depositional systems

Burchette, Trevor P.; Wright, V. Paul

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(92)90003-a

Cited by 950 publications

(633 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Although the Frasnian-Famennian decimation of platform-edge reefs opened habitat space for crinoids, they were unable to fully use expanded habitats until the Tournaisian (12,27,28). The Paleozoic apex of crinoid diversity likely required the separate mass extinction of predatory fishes at the Hangenberg event (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent predator–prey dynamics revealed by mass extinction

Sallan

Kammer²,

Ausich³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

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Predator-prey interactions are thought by many researchers to define both modern ecosystems and past macroevolutionary events. In modern ecosystems, experimental removal or addition of taxa is often used to determine trophic relationships and predator identity. Both characteristics are notoriously difficult to infer in the fossil record, where evidence of predation is usually limited to damage from failed attacks, individual stomach contents, onesided escalation, or modern analogs. As a result, the role of predation in macroevolution is often dismissed in favor of competition and abiotic factors. Here we show that the end-Devonian Hangenberg event (359 Mya) was a natural experiment in which vertebrate predators were both removed and added to an otherwise stable prey fauna, revealing specific and persistent trophic interactions. Despite apparently favorable environmental conditions, crinoids diversified only after removal of their vertebrate consumers, exhibiting predatory release on a geological time scale. In contrast, later Mississippian (359-318 Mya) camerate crinoids declined precipitously in the face of increasing predation pressure from new durophagous fishes. Camerate failure is linked to the retention of obsolete defenses or "legacy adaptations" that prevented coevolutionary escalation. Our results suggest that major crinoid evolutionary phenomena, including rapid diversification, faunal turnover, and species selection, might be linked to vertebrate predation. Thus, interactions observed in small ecosystems, such as Lotka-Volterra cycles and trophic cascades, could operate at geologic time scales and higher taxonomic ranks. Both trophic knock-on effects and retention of obsolete traits might be common in the aftermath of predator extinction.Carboniferous | durophagy | biodiversity | paleontology | macroecology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent predator–prey dynamics revealed by mass extinction

Sallan

Kammer²,

Ausich³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

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“…The textural classification used to characterise microfacies follows Dunham (1962). Microfacies were reported along a ramp profile with three main facies belts: outer ramp, mid ramp and inner ramp (Read 1985, Burchette & Wright 1992.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology and magnetic susceptibility of Mississippian (Tournaisian) carbonate sections in Belgium

Bertola¹,

Boulvain²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

Bull. Geosci.

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Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and biostratigraphy have been used to correlate better the reference sections of the Belgian Tournaisian, the Rivage road and railway sections and the Gendron-Celles railway section. These 200 m thick time-equivalent sections are about sixty kilometres apart and belong to two different sedimentation areas: a shallow ramp setting for Rivage (Condroz Sedimentation Area) and a subsiding area for Gendron (Dinant Sedimentation Area). The sedimentological model shows that both sections are characterized by a carbonate-dominated sedimentation (crinoids-peloids-algae assemblages), interrupted by more argillaceous facies related to rapid sea-level rises (crinoids-brachiopods-bryozoans assemblages). Accommodation space was significantly higher in the DSA and allowed the development of Waulsortian buildups during the Ivorian. Variations of magnetic susceptibility (MS) seem to be related to fluctuations in detrital input and carbonate productivity. MS evolution with palaeogeography can be integrated in the previously published model for the Devonian ramp system: external ramp settings have low carbonate productivity, low water agitation and high MS, whereas more proximal environments are characterized by higher carbonate productivity, higher water agitation and lower MS. MS curves are in general agreements with the 3 rd -order sequence interpretation. Lowstand system tracts (LST) show the highest MS values while transgressive system tracts (TST) are characterized by decreasing values and highstand system tracts/falling stage system tracts (HST/FSST) by the lowest values.•

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“…The encountered limestones (mid-to dark grey, fine grained, fossiliferous wackestones) were deposited in an overall shallow marine ("carbonate ramp-type") setting, within an oxygenated, low-energy, inner ramp/lagoonal environment. This accounts for the fine-grained and fossiliferous nature of the deposits (Burchette and Wright, 1992). The lagoon was unlikely to have been highly restricted, inferred based on the relatively high diversity of fossilized species.…”

Section: Petrographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In some locations, limestones are laminated or interbedded with laminated shales, indicative of lowenergy, lagoonal conditions. Petrographic study suggests limestones are dominated by mudstone, wackestone and occasional packestone lithologies, which are typical lagoonal sediments (Burchette, and Wright, 1992). Furthermore, the presence of detrital quartz grains in thin sections may indicate proximity to a paleo-shoreline (Fig.…”

Section: Petrographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional framework and stratigraphy of the Konshisha area, southern Benue trough

Anyiam¹,

Onuorah²,

Okwara³

2017

Glo Jnl Geo Sci

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The study focuses on the stratigraphic succession and depositional environment in areas around Konshisha, southern Benue Trough. The area is underlain by the Ezeaku Formation and Konshisha River Group. Integrated outcrop, textural and petrographic analysis aided inference of the depositional framework of sediments in the area. Three lithofacies were identified -micaceous sandstone (Facies A), limestone (Facies B), and grey shale (Facies C). Textural analysis indicated that the sandstones are fine grained with mean size ranging from 2.2 to 2.8 phi, very poorly to poorly sorted and deposited in a fluvially-influenced shallow marine setting. Petrographic analysis of the sandstone showed that the sediments have undergone compaction as a result of tectonic stress, shown by the elongate shape of some quartz grains, dominant line contact, and the tilted nature of the beds. Sandstones are both compositionally and texturally sub-mature, implying a proximal source. Results from the petrographic analysis of the limestones reveal micrite as the dominant matrix, with skeletal fragments, pelloids, recrystallized bivalve shells and some mineral grains (quartz and muscovite) present. The depositional environment is probably lagoonal, evidenced by the fine lamination of the limestone beds and low diversity. This study suggests an initial transgressive phase in the Turonian, with the deposition of the grey shale and limestone facies in a shelf -lagoonal setting, and a subsequent regressive phase that led to the deposition of micaceous, ripple-laminated sandstones in a fluvially-influenced shallow marine environment.

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Carbonate ramp depositional systems

Cited by 950 publications

References 69 publications

Persistent predator–prey dynamics revealed by mass extinction

Persistent predator–prey dynamics revealed by mass extinction

Sedimentology and magnetic susceptibility of Mississippian (Tournaisian) carbonate sections in Belgium

Depositional framework and stratigraphy of the Konshisha area, southern Benue trough

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