“…Drug Caffeine Penetar et al, 1993;Lieberman et al, 2002;Barry et al, 2005;Wesensten et al, 2005;Kohler et al, 2006;Killgore et al, 2011;McIntire et al, 2014;Paech et al, 2016;McIntire et al, 2017;Crooks et al, 2019;Killgore andKamimori, 2020a Modafinil Pigeau et al, 1995;Caldwell et al, 2000, Caldwell et al, 2004bWesensten et al, 2005D-amphetamine Newhouse et al, 1989Pigeau et al, 1995;Wesensten et al, 2005Donepezil Dodds et al, 2011 CX717 (AMPAKINE compound) Boyle et al, 2012 Non-invasive stimulation Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) Nitsche and Paulus, 2001;McIntire et al, 2014McIntire et al, , 2017Cheng et al, 2021 Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) Rizzo et al, 2003;McIntire et al, 2021 Other Break period Pigeau et al, 1995 have found that it only takes 1 h for caffeine to have its greatest effects and lasts for 8 h (Lieberman et al, 2002). Additionally, caffeine has prevented an increase in the number of risks taken when compared to placebo during sleep deprivation (Killgore et al, 2011).…”