Cardiac-Autonomic Imbalance and Baroreflex Dysfunction in the Renovascular Angiotensin-Dependent Hypertensive Mouse

Abstract

Mouse models provide powerful tools for studying the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of the autonomic reflex control of cardiovascular function and those involved in cardiovascular diseases. The established murine model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) angiotensin II-dependent hypertension represents a useful tool for studying the neural control of cardiovascular function. In this paper, we discuss the main contributions from our laboratory and others regarding cardiac-autonomic imbalance and baroreflex dysfunction. We show recent data from the angiotensin-dependent hypertensive mouse demonstrating DNA damage and oxidative stress using the comet assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, we highlight the relationships between angiotensin and peripheral and central nervous system areas of cardiovascular control and oxidative stress in the 2K1C hypertensive mouse.

Renovascular Hypertension Leads to DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Bone Marrow Cells

“…The findings obtained by this study corroborate our previous reports (Campagnaro et al, 2012 supporting the hypothesis that 2K1C hypertension might induce oxidative stress in nonspecific tissues, including the BM. Enhanced levels of oxygen radicals, which characterize a state of oxidative stress, have been described in clinical and preclinical studies in many cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis (Minuz et al, 2002;Porto et al, 2011;Silva et al, 2012;Vasquez et al, 2012;Luévano-Contreras et al, 2013).…”

“…Some authors, including us, have observed alterations in DNA caused by hypertension (Schupp et al, 2007;Fandos et al, 2009;Campagnaro et al, 2012Campagnaro et al, , 2013. In this work, the DNA content analysis showed that 2K1C hypertension induces DNA fragmentation in BM cells, suggesting that the disease leads to DNA changes compromising the functionality of the cells.…”

“…n renovascular hypertension, the most common form of secondary hypertension (Missouris et al, 1998;Uzu et al, 2002), the reduction of renal blood flow induces excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (Campagnaro et al, 2012). In the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt animal model, hypertension is induced by unilateral renal artery stenosis leading to augmented plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration (Campagnaro et al, 2012;Nogueira et al, 2012), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.…”

“…In the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt animal model, hypertension is induced by unilateral renal artery stenosis leading to augmented plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration (Campagnaro et al, 2012;Nogueira et al, 2012), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension. Moreover, this peptide exerts an essential contribution in controlling several physiological functions in different organs, once it can be locally synthesized for control of local functions (Cheng et al, 1995;Cohn and Tognoni, 2001;Ruiz-Ortega et al, 2001).…”

Mecanismos associados ao desenvolvimento das complicações do diabetes tipo 2 em camundongos fêmeas ob/ob: papel preventivo do treinamento físico dinâmico aeróbio, resistido ou combinado

“…A angiotensina 2 e a angiotensina 1-7 desempenham um importante papel em doenças crônicas como hipertensão renovascular e insuficiência cardíaca crônica (CAMPAGNARO et al, 2012). O desequilíbrio entre essas angiotensinas dentro do sistema renina angiotensina tecido específico (sistema nervoso central e periférico, renal e cardíaco) influencia na perda da função dos mecanismos de ajuste da PA. Em ambas as patologias, observa-se a perda de sensibilidade do barorreflexo e um desbalanço dos sistemas autônomos simpático e parassimpático.…”