Cardiac Mast Cells: A Two-Head Regulator in Cardiac Homeostasis and Pathogenesis Following Injury

Abstract

Cardiac mast cells (CMCs) are multifarious immune cells with complex roles both in cardiac physiological and pathological conditions, especially in cardiac fibrosis. Little is known about the physiological importance of CMCs in cardiac homeostasis and inflammatory process. Therefore, the present review will summarize the recent progress of CMCs on origin, development and replenishment in the heart, including their effects on cardiac development, function and ageing under physiological conditions as well as the roles of CMCs in inflammatory progression and resolution. The present review will shed a light on scientists to understand cardioimmunology and to develop immune treatments targeting on CMCs following cardiac injury.

Ultrastructural characteristics and morphological relationships of cardiomyocytes and telocytes in the myocardium of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

“…Cardiac MCs were strategically located in close proximity to TCs and CMC. MCs, innate non‐circulating immune cells, exist in almost all tissues and play key roles in allergic disease and host defence, including the heart (Jin et al., 2022). MCs are multifarious immune cells with complex roles in tissue homeostasis and disease.…”

“…Thus, the cardiac MCs—CMC communication via the histamine—ANP pathway may be involved in the cardiac disorder associated with mast cell (MC) degranulation, such as in acute coronary syndrome or cardiac hypertrophy (Li et al., 2009). Cardiac MCs are very important in regulating the homeostasis of the cardiac renin‐angiotensin system by releasing their bioactive mediators, which can affect matrix remodelling, promote granulation and scar formation, and play an important role in cardiac remodelling (Jin et al., 2022; Varricchi et al., 2020).…”

“…Cardiac MCs are very important in regulating the homeostasis of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system by releasing their bioactive mediators, which can affect matrix remodelling, promote granulation and scar formation, and play an important role in cardiac remodelling (Jin et al, 2022;Varricchi et al, 2020).…”

Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications

“…1 An anatomical schematic of the heart and heart wall with the main constituent cell types in each layer. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Cellular composition ranges are estimated from the literature. [38][39][40] ECs = endothelial cells, CMs = cardiomyocytes.…”

Cardiac fibrogenesis: an immuno-metabolic perspective

“…Notably, the abundance of mast cells in big mammals, such as dogs, surpasses that observed in mice ( Frangogiannis et al, 1999 ). Cardiac mast cells are multifaceted resident immune sentinel cells playing a pivotal role in fibrotic remodeling in response to various myocardial injuries ( Legere et al, 2020 ; Jin et al, 2022 ). Heart failure has been found to correlate with elevated quantities of mast cells ( Shiota et al, 2003 ; Wei et al, 2003 ; Somasundaram et al, 2005 ; Luitel et al, 2017 ; Guimbal et al, 2021 ).…”