Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering and Coronary Artery Disease : A 4-Year Follow Up Study of 257 Service Personnel

Abstract

Two hundred and fifty seven service personnel with established diagnosis of (a) silent ischaemia (40.47%) (b) Q-infarction (25.68%) and (c) non-Q-infarction (33.85%) along with 50 age-matched controls were subjected to stress tests before and after identification and control of risk factors. Lack of exercise (63.0%), dietetic indiscretion (47.4%) and cigarette smoking (40.4%) were the main risk factors. Hypercholesterolaemia (22.1%), alcohol over-indulgence (17.1%), positive family history (16.3%). diabetes mellitus (9.7%) and hypertension (6.2%) were other contributing factors. Clustering or multiplicity of risk factors was seen in 61.1% cases. All patients were advised for control of risk factors along with necessary specific therapy wherever indicated. Initial stress test was positive in 83.3% of the total and on repetition, after 4 years, the positivity dropped to 45.9% with a rate ofimprovement of44.9%. Patients with silent ischaemia showed the maximum improvement (57.8%) following the risk factor intervention.Only 4 cases (1.56%) showed deterioration with reinfarction during the 4-year follow up. MJAFI 1995; 51: 173-179