Cardiovascular Toxicity from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress, Electron Transfer, and Prevention by Antioxidants

Kovacic, Peter; Thurn, Lisa A.

doi:10.2174/1570161053586912

Cited by 73 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Indeed, most of these pathologies recognize multiple etiological factors, among which the detrimental role of oxidative stress has been stably recognized [12][13][14]. Moreover, it has been reported that creatine displays direct antioxidant activity both in acellular [15] and cellular systems [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of creatine in a rat intestinal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

et al. 2011

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of creatine in a rat intestinal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

et al. 2011

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“…1,2) Oxidative stress is associated with lipid peroxidation in lipoproteins and in arterial cells, including macrophages.3,4) These "oxidized macrophages" are characterized by increased peroxide levels, decreased glutathione content, and increased capability to oxidize lowdensity lipoprotein. 5,6) These properties of the cells increase their capability to accumulate cholesterol and to form macrophage foam cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1,2) Oxidative stress is associated with lipid peroxidation in lipoproteins and in arterial cells, including macrophages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Component and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS

Yang

Zhao

Yan-juan

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in macrophage foam cell formation which is the hallmark of the early atherosclerotic lesion. 1,2) Oxidative stress is associated with lipid peroxidation in lipoproteins and in arterial cells, including macrophages.3,4) These "oxidized macrophages" are characterized by increased peroxide levels, decreased glutathione content, and increased capability to oxidize lowdensity lipoprotein. 5,6) These properties of the cells increase their capability to accumulate cholesterol and to form macrophage foam cells. 7,8) Antioxidants can reduce the cellular oxidative stress by inhibiting the formation of superoxide anions, and by detoxification of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species through upregulation of cellular defense mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. 9,10) Naturally occurring antioxidants in plants are classified as vitamins, phenolic compounds, tannins, volatile compounds and so on. Among them, herbs have received much attention as preventive medicines and ingredients in a variety of processed foods because they have beneficial health effects such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity.11) In recent years, polysaccharides from plant origin have also emerged as a relevant class of bioactive natural products and the great advances have been made in chemical and biological studies of natural polysaccharides as new safe plant-based health foods. 12-15)Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS is a herbaceous perennial plant mainly distributed in the northwest of China. The root is variously called Dang Gui or Dong Quai. It has been traditionally applied to the treatment of gynecological disorders (e.g., menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, anemia, premenstrual syndrome, menopause) for thousands of years in Asia. 16,17) It was first introduced into the West in 1899 by Merck in the form of a liquid extract named "Eumenol" and was presently marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement, with numerous products being marketed worldwide. 18,19) In recent years, it was also reported that the polysaccharide extracts from A. sinensis possessed significant immunomodulatory activity. 20) However, it is not known whether A. sinensis polysaccharides have any direct antioxidant effects and more detailed work is needed on the elucidation of the sugar composition and antioxidant activities of active polysaccharides.In the present study, we isolated and purified three A. sinensis polysaccharide fractions (APFs), designed as APF1, APF2 and APF3 from the roots of A. sinensis and the antioxidant activities of APFs against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-mediated oxidative stress were evaluated in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, the sugar composition in APFs was also characterized by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062, China: and b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032, China. Received March 30, ...

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“…Electron donors consist of phenols, N-heterocycles or disulfides in proteins which produce relatively stable radical cations. ET, ROS, and OS have been increasingly implicated in the mode of action of drugs and toxins, (e.g., antiinfective agents [3], anticancer drugs [4], carcinogens [5], reproductive toxins [6], nephrotoxins [7], hepato-toxins [8], cardiovascular toxins [9], nerve toxins [10], mitochondrial toxins [11], abused drugs [12], pulmonary toxins [13], ototoxins [14], and various other categories [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in the Mechanism of Drug Action and Toxicity of Conjugated Imines and Iminiums, including Related Alkaloids

Kovacic¹,

Somanathan²

2014

OJPM

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This review deals with mechanism and physiological activity of conjugated imine and iminium species, including those in the alkaloid category. An appreciable number can be found in the Merck Index. There is focus in mode of action on electron transfer (ET), reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress (OS) and reduction potential in the prior review. These aspects can be involved in both therapeutic action and toxicity. A unifying mechanistic approach involving ET-ROS-OS is applied to synthetic drugs and alkaloids in the imine-iminium category in relation to both beneficial and adverse effects. Insight at the basic, molecular level can aid in practical pharmaceutical design.

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Cardiovascular Toxicity from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress, Electron Transfer, and Prevention by Antioxidants

Cited by 73 publications

References 80 publications

Effects of creatine in a rat intestinal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

Effects of creatine in a rat intestinal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

Component and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS

New Developments in the Mechanism of Drug Action and Toxicity of Conjugated Imines and Iminiums, including Related Alkaloids

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