Carga de trabalho e absenteísmo da equipe de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva

Abstract

Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo e retrospectivo com o objetivo de identificar a carga de trabalho e as taxas de absenteísmo da equipe de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva-Adulto (UTI) de um hospital de ensino no interior do estado de São Paulo. A população de estudo foi composta por duas partes: a primeira por todos os pacientes que permaneceram internados, no período de 01/01/2014 a 31/01/2014, totalizando 53 pacientes, e a segunda parte por relatórios gerenciais da unidade de saúde do trabalhador e as escalas mensais de folga, do período de 01/01/2012 a 31/01/2014. A amostra estudada foi composta, predominantemente, por pacientes do sexo masculino (54,7%), com idade média de 58,8 anos, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico (51,0%), procedentes do Centro Cirúrgico (43,4%) e com tempo médio de permanência na unidade de 13 dias. A maioria dos pacientes (75,5%) teve como destino a unidade de internação em sua saída da UTI. Segundo os valores obtidos do escore NAS (Nursing Activities Score) (média de 68,4), a carga de trabalho produzida pelos pacientes necessita de 11 profissionais de enfermagem por turno para supri-la. No que diz respeito ao escore APACHE II, teve um valor médio de 15,8 pontos. As licenças para tratamento de saúde (LTS) compuseram o maior percentual em dias (43,8%) relativos às ausências não previstas. A taxa de absenteísmo foi de 2,02% e 3,99% para enfermeiros e de 6,09% e 7,71% para auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem, respectivamente, nos anos de 2012 e 2013. O dimensionamento de trabalhadores de enfermagem nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, com a utilização de instrumentos que permitem identificar a carga de trabalho, configura-se como uma importante ferramenta aos gestores, possibilitando a tomada de decisões administrativas.

Association Between Workload and Absenteeism in Nursing Technicians

“…However, in this environment, time off and work overload problems and difficulty maintaining efficiency appear to be even more critical. 13 When the absences related to the work shift were analyzed, the results of the study presented here show that the morning shift presented the highest incidence in the ICU II group, and was statistically significant in relation to the afternoon and evening shifts, which had identical values for absences. This fact is in line with data from another study that used a sample of professionals working in the various department of two hospitals, which showed lower occurrences of sick leave in the night shift, and the highest rate occurred in the morning.…”

“…The average NAS was 66.9 points, with a minimum of 49.3 and a maximum of 94.6 points. 13 Researchers highlight that by applying the NAS in the adult ICU in Brazil, the average values of nursing workload were found to be between 61.97 and 81.2, i.e., values above what is considered overload (NAS≥51%). 14 A study conducted in the trauma ICU indicated an average nursing workload of 73.40 points (minimum of 35.00 and maximum of 123.00 points), a result that characterizes high work demand o, and is approximately the same or higher than in other Brazilian studies.…”

“…In literature studies, the relationships between absenteeism and working conditions, especially in hospitals, have been highlighted by the constant rotation of hours, long working hours, overtime, plurality of functions, fast work rhythm and work overload. 13 The absence of a member of the nursing team has a negative impact, as it generates more work for those present, effects work organization, demotivates employees who are relocated to the service, decreases the quality of care provided to patients and favors the occurrence of adverse events. [18][19][20] In addition, this situation contributes to the development of physical and mental disorders in workers.…”

“…Absenteeism rates may change from one hospital reality to another, and knowledge of these rates allows adequate nursing staff dimensioning, as well as favoring professional satisfaction at work. 13 Regarding the ICU, the literature demonstrates that the pattern of absenteeism causes are the same as in other sectors. However, in this environment, time off and work overload problems and difficulty maintaining efficiency appear to be even more critical.…”

The relationship between the nursing diagnosis and cognition tests performed on elderlies with alzheimer’s disease

“…In order to standardize the language of the diagnoses was a handbook by NANDA, in which the actual diagnoses and risk are listed with their defining characteristics and related factors, establishing an agreement on the rules for the use of certain terms. 10 The main nursing diagnoses were:…”