Caries Risk Assessment Using the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) Protocol among the General Population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

Iqbal, Azhar; Khattak, Osama; Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad; Onazi, Meshal Aber Al; Algarni, Hmoud Ali; Alsharari, Thani; Alshehri, Abdullah; Mustafa, Mohammed; Issrani, Rakhi; Alghamdi, Ebtehal Yanallah Mohamed; Alghamdi, Alaa Yahya Ali; Balubaid, Nojoud Omar Ahmad

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031215

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, 70.9% (Group I) and 60.3% (Group II) of the parents had nonskilled occupations. In fact, this finding was consistent with that of Iqbal et al ,[ 29 ] who found that 85% of their participants were at a high risk for caries and the remaining were at moderate risk. They attributed their results to the recruitment of the study sample from a dental department where most participants were seeking dental treatment and not routine care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Predictors of Caries Risk among Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dental Clinics at a University Hospital

Aboubakr,

Alkhadragy,

Okda

et al. 2023

Saudi Journal of Medicine &Amp; Medical Sciences

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Background: Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease. The external validity of the available caries risk assessment (CRA) tools is not established, especially among pediatric population. Objectives: To assess caries risk using the caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) protocol among Egyptian children aged 3–12 years and suggest variables that could potentially be used to develop a simpler CRA model. Materials and Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 320 children aged 3 to <6 years (Group I) and 320 children aged 6–12 years (Group II). CAMBRA was used to collect data about disease indicators, biological and environmental factors, and protective factors among study participants. Each child was examined clinically to collect data about past caries experiences and to measure plaque scores. Results: The risk of caries was high in 92.5% of Group I and 83.4% of Group II participants. The overall dmft was 5.71 ± 3.18 for Group I and 4.78 ± 2.53 for Group II. In Group I, a significant positive relation was found between the overall mean caries risk score and past caries experience (dmft; r = 0.344, P < 0.001) and mean plaque index ( r = 0.463, P < 0.001). In Group II, a significant positive relation was found between the overall mean caries risk score and dmft score ( r = 0.511, P < 0.001), S. mutans count ( r = 234, P < 0.001), Lactobacilli count ( r = 0.316, P < 0.001), and plaque index ( r = 0.463, P < 0.001). Participants’ age, parents’ education, and parents’ occupation had a negative significant effect on the overall mean caries risk score. Conclusion: This study suggests predictors that can be used in the development of a new CRA model for children aged 3–12 years.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Predictors of Caries Risk among Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dental Clinics at a University Hospital

Aboubakr,

Alkhadragy,

Okda

et al. 2023

Saudi Journal of Medicine &Amp; Medical Sciences

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“…Dental caries is one of the commonest and perhaps most prevalent diseases affecting the oral cavity [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. It is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic component and destruction of the organic content of the tooth [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When evaluating the severity of ECC between the ages of three and five, “dmf” ratings are used [ 1 ]. Numerous studies from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have reported a very high caries prevalence among preschool children [ 3 , 4 ]. Recent reports from Italy and Australia indicated unequal distributions in caries prevalence among preschoolers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Tooth Brushing and Previous Dental Visits on Dental Caries Status among Saudi Arabian Children

et al. 2023

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Objective: To evaluate the dental caries status and its association with tooth brushing frequency and previous dental visits among Arabian children. Methods: Arabian school children attend a specialty pediatric dental clinic at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Only children of Saudi origin with primary dentition were included in the study, and only one examiner was involved in the assessment and data collection. The parents of children completed a questionnaire to investigate possible explanatory variables for caries status, including tooth brushing frequency and previous dental visits. Dental caries were diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (2013). The comparison performed was based on sex, age, tooth brushing frequency, and previous dental visits. The descriptive statistics were carried out using SPSS (version 21.0) with a p-value of <0.05 significance. Results: The study involved 268 Saudi children with a mean age of 4.6 ± 1.1 years. The caries prevalence was 78.8%, and the mean dmft was 5.82 ± 4.48, while the overall mean scores for decayed, missing, and filled were 3.903 ± 3.69, 1.18 ± 1.69, and 0.73 ± 1.35, respectively. The mean dmft scores for the <3 years, 3.1–6 years, and >6 years old children were found to be 1.74, 6.58, and 4.58, respectively. Among the children, the females reported higher dmf scores (7.51 ± 4.18) compared to males (4.97 ± 4.39) with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Fifty percent of the children had tooth brushing habits of once daily, followed by never (22.4%), twice daily (15.7%), and rarely (11.2%) brushed their teeth. Statistically significant correlations were found between the children’s dental caries status, age, and dental visits, while sex and tooth brushing did not find a correlation. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among Arabian preschool children was higher. Mandibular second molars were commonly affected by dental caries, while mandibular central incisors were less frequently affected. The child’s age and frequency of dental checkups were positively related to the prevalence of dental caries.

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“…The preventive measures showed greater effectiveness on the smooth surfaces of the teeth while caries on occlusal surfaces remain a problem. The occlusal or so-called hidden caries usually get missed during visual examination because, in many cases, it lacks the typical cavity design in enamel, and a radiograph and a fissure biopsy are needed for its detection [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microleakage Assessment of Different Preparation Techniques and Pit and Fissure Sealants in Permanent Molars

Bangash,

Humayun,

Anser

et al. 2023

Cureus

Self Cite

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predisposition of microleakage in permanent molar teeth following different preparation techniques for pits and fissure sealants. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, a dye penetration method was employed to evaluate microleakage in dental restorations. A total of 104 extracted molars were randomly assigned into two groups and further subdivided into two subgroups based on a class of sealant (filled/unfilled resin) containing 26 teeth each. Teeth in one group were prepared by a conventional method using pumice and acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, and teeth in the other group were prepared with a 1/4-round carbide bur in a low-speed handpiece and then acid etched. In each group, 26 teeth were sealed with a filled sealant, and 26 teeth with an unfilled sealant. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of microleakage between the groups. Results: Unfilled sealants prepared with bur preparation showed the lowest degree of microleakage. The greater number of teeth (17) showed no microleakage in the group of teeth prepared using the bur preparation technique. Furthermore, in dye penetration analysis, the subgroup of teeth that were filled with unfilled sealants showed a greater number of teeth (57.6%), with zero penetration, and the dye penetration scores were statistically significant among the groups with different preparation techniques (p=0.002). Conclusion: Teeth whose pits and fissures were prepared through 1/4 carbide bur and filled with unfilled pits and fissure sealants show less microleakage than those prepared with the conventional method and filled with filled sealants. Therefore, the choice of surface preparation technique for pit and fissure sealants can influence the effectiveness of the sealant in preventing microleakage.

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Caries Risk Assessment Using the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) Protocol among the General Population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Predictors of Caries Risk among Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dental Clinics at a University Hospital

Predictors of Caries Risk among Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dental Clinics at a University Hospital

Influence of Tooth Brushing and Previous Dental Visits on Dental Caries Status among Saudi Arabian Children

Microleakage Assessment of Different Preparation Techniques and Pit and Fissure Sealants in Permanent Molars

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