Caring for Those in Custody: Identifying High-Priority Needs to Reduce Mortality in Correctional Facilities

Russo, Joe; Woods, Dulani; Shaffer, John S.

doi:10.7249/rr1967

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In most studies within this review, deaths were reported as poor treatment outcomes; therefore, the objective of the researcher may not have been to report on mortality. One reason may depend on the definition of "death in a correctional facility", as variations in how facilities report deaths can also result in skewed data (Russo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, if a person in prison is transported to hospital for medical services but later dies in the community hospital while in the chain of custody, some studies will likely count the deaths as a death in prison (Wu et al, 2020;Jedidi et al, 2018). Conversely, other studies may not include these deaths in prison mortality statistics (Russo et al, 2017), further leading to underreporting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many countries, due to the absence of legislation upholding the requirement for mandatory investigation of deaths in prison, deaths are often poorly investigated (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2020). These inconsistencies in death investigations result in irregularities in cause of death reporting and contribute to poor data (Russo et al, 2017). In China, deaths in custody are deemed a sensitive topic, therefore, political factors may be a plausible explanation for the absence of data and the relatively scant research on officially reported data (Wu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high value is not always placed on the health and safety of people in prison among some correctional cultures (Russo et al, 2017). Therefore, in cases where officials are involved in foul play or at risk of being deemed incompetent, investigations into deaths may be prevented (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2020), or there may be a hesitancy to report a death in a certain way for fear of litigation (Russo et al, 2017). Fear of litigation may have also led jails to adopt alternative ways to keep deaths off the books.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity constraints also lead to poor and inconsistent data (Dolan et al, 2007), where the perceived nature of topics such as HIV have deemed findings too sensitive to publish (Thomson et al, 2009). Other factors may include a lack of clear procedures, skills (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2020) and a reluctance for correctional facilities to participate in research studies (Russo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis-related mortality among incarcerated people: a global scoping review

Bosworth

Borschmann

Altice

et al. 2021

IJPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose People in prison are at a higher risk of preventable mortality from infectious disease such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) than those in the community. The extent of infectious disease-related mortality within the prison setting remains unclear. The purpose of this paper was to collate available information on infectious disease-related mortality, including the number of deaths and calculate the person-time death rate. Design/methodology/approach The authors searched databases between 1 January 2000 and 18 November 2020 for studies reporting HIV, HBV, HCV, TB and/or HIV/TB-related deaths among people in prison. Findings The authors identified 78 publications drawn from seven Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS’ regions encompassing 33 countries and reporting on 6,568 deaths in prison over a 20-year period. HIV/AIDS (n = 3,305) was associated with the highest number of deaths, followed by TB (n = 2,892), HCV (n = 189), HIV/TB (n = 173) and HBV (n = 9). Due to the limitations of the available published data, it was not possible to meta-analyse or in any other way synthesise the available evidence. Research limitations/implications To inform targeted efforts to reduce mortality, there is a need for more, better quality data to understand infectious disease-related mortality in custodial settings. Increased investment in the prevention and management of infectious diseases in custodial settings, and in documenting infectious disease-related deaths in prison, is warranted and will yield public health benefits. Originality/value To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first scoping review focussed on deaths due to these infections among people in prison internationally. The gaps identified form recommendations to improve the future collection and reporting of prison mortality data.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis-related mortality among incarcerated people: a global scoping review

Bosworth

Borschmann

Altice

et al. 2021

IJPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cancer Care in the Incarcerated Population

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in incarcerated individuals older than 45 years and the fourth leading cause of mortality overall. Health care professionals face increasing challenges to provide high-quality care under the confines of prison regulations and procedures.OBSERVATIONS Adjusted for age, race, sex, and year of diagnosis, the standardized incidence ratio for all cancers is more than 2-fold higher in incarcerated vs general populations. Among deaths occurring in state and federal prison systems, cancer is the overall leading cause of mortality with lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer-related mortality followed by liver, colon, and pancreatic cancers, respectively. Access to high-quality oncological services remains variable; however, cost of care represents about a fifth of overall annual prison expenditures. Given the enormous patient burden, coupled with the rushed discretionary screenings performed by jail and prison nursing staff, early cancer symptoms are often missed altogether or misdiagnosed as a chronic illness or as acute infections. As such, many incarcerated individuals present with more advanced cancer stage. Incarcerated individuals have limited, if any, access to the internet, social media, and other sources of information, which severely limits their ability to research treatment options. Within the prison setting, access to professionals with special skills in assisting with social and spiritual concerns is also generally limited, and less than 4% of prisons have hospice programs. There are no uniform quality-of-care monitoring standards for correctional systems and facilities, nor are there mechanisms for reporting comparable performance data to enforce quality control within correctional health care systems. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThere is a growing trend in cancer incidence among incarcerated patients, which is multifactorial including barriers in access to care, increased burden of chronic medical conditions, and decreased screening tests. Efforts are needed to ensure quality health care outcomes for incarcerated patients with cancer.

show abstract

An epidemiological analysis of public mass shooters and active shooters: Quantifying key differences between perpetrators and the general population, homicide offenders, and people who die by suicide.

Lankford

Silver

Cox

2021

Journal of Threat Assessment and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study compared public mass shooters (n = 171) and active shooters (n = 63) in the United States to the general population, homicide offenders, and people who die by suicide. Comparisons with the general population are the foundation of epidemiological research, and comparisons with homicide offenders and people who die by suicide are helpful because public mass shooters and active shooters always intend to kill and often take their own lives. Findings indicate that public mass shooters were more often male, unmarried, and unemployed than the average American. Active shooters were not significantly different from the general population based on prior felony convictions or preexisting firearm ownership. Public mass shooters and active shooters appeared more like people who die by suicide than homicide offenders, given their high frequency of premeditation, acting alone, suicidal ideation, and unnatural death. Overall, this suggests that felony histories and firearm ownership may have limited utility for threat assessment, but several suicide prevention strategies might help reduce the prevalence of these attacks. Public Significance StatementThis study suggests that public mass shooters are more often male, unmarried, and unemployed than the average American, but may be no more likely to own firearms (before deciding to attack) or to have had prior felony convictions. Overall, these shooters appear more like people who die by suicide than homicide offenders, given their high prevalence of premeditation, acting alone, suicidal ideation, and unnatural death. Therefore, several suicide prevention strategies may help reduce the prevalence of these attacks.

show abstract

Caring for Those in Custody: Identifying High-Priority Needs to Reduce Mortality in Correctional Facilities

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis-related mortality among incarcerated people: a global scoping review

HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis-related mortality among incarcerated people: a global scoping review

Cancer Care in the Incarcerated Population

An epidemiological analysis of public mass shooters and active shooters: Quantifying key differences between perpetrators and the general population, homicide offenders, and people who die by suicide.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About