The complete primary structure of the two hemoglobin components of the fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) is presented. The two components (HbI and HblI) occur in nearly equal amounts and have identical ]3-chains; whereas the two a-chains (aI/alI) differ by six exchanges Ile/Val, Met/Thr, Ser/Ala, Pro/His, Lys/Gly, and Thr/Ala at positions 10, 34, 35, 50, 78, and 131, respectively. The components were isolated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and were separated into the globin chains by RP-HPLC on a column of Nucleocil-C4. The sequences have been determined by Edman degradation in liquid-and gas-phase sequencer, using the native chains and tryptic peptides. The sequences compared with those of other Carnivora species and an adult human globin chains. An identical ]3-chain is found in fur seal and walrus, whereas larger differences were found between aI and aII compared to ]3-chains.