Carnosine—a natural bioactive dipeptide: bioaccessibility, bioavailability and health benefits

Xing, Lujuan; Chee, MacKenzie E.; Zhang, Hua; Zhang, Wangang; Mine, Yoshinori

doi:10.31665/jfb.2019.5174

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Our understanding of variations in plasma dipeptide levels is still limited but we note that most of the dipeptides assessed in our previous study, albeit not the same ones, were also less abundant in the patient cohort than in the controls. If we focus on the latest literature and ME/CFS patient symptoms, our attention is drawn toward the therapeutic potential of some dipeptides on fatigue, aging, and muscle recovery [41][42][43].…”

Section: Dipeptides Are Decreasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Circulatory Metabolomics in ME/CFS Reveals Disrupted Metabolism of Acyl Lipids and Steroids

et al. 2020

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The latest worldwide prevalence rate projects that over 65 million patients suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), an illness with known effects on the functioning of the immune and nervous systems. We performed an extensive metabolomics analysis on the plasma of 52 female subjects, equally sampled between controls and ME/CFS patients, which delivered data for about 1750 blood compounds spanning 20 super-pathways, subdivided into 113 sub-pathways. Statistical analysis combined with pathway enrichment analysis points to a few disrupted metabolic pathways containing many unexplored compounds. The most intriguing finding concerns acyl cholines, belonging to the fatty acid metabolism sub-pathway of lipids, for which all compounds are consistently reduced in two distinct ME/CFS patient cohorts. We compiled the extremely limited knowledge about these compounds and regard them as promising in the quest to explain many of the ME/CFS symptoms. Another class of lipids with far-reaching activity on virtually all organ systems are steroids; androgenic, progestin, and corticosteroids are broadly reduced in our patient cohort. We also report on lower dipeptides and elevated sphingolipids abundance in patients compared to controls. Disturbances in the metabolism of many of these molecules can be linked to the profound organ system symptoms endured by ME/CFS patients.

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Section: Dipeptides Are Decreasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Circulatory Metabolomics in ME/CFS Reveals Disrupted Metabolism of Acyl Lipids and Steroids

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, significant number of investigations of the biochemical and physiological properties of carnosine, including human clinical studies based on carnosine supplement are also available, as reviewed by Boldyrev et al (2013). However, no study is yet available on the advantages and bio-accessibility of dietary carnosine with particular reference to the potential role that it may exert in the GIT itself upon digestion, as reviewed by Xing et al (2019). The authors reported that the release of dietary carnosine from its food matrix would be proportional to its amount in the meat and would depend also on the conditions found in the GIT, including the composition of the food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of dietary carnosine during in‐vitro digestion of pork differing in fat content and cooking conditions

Yaylayan

Palin

et al. 2021

J. Food Biochem.

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Muscle carnosine represents an important health advantage of meat. Ground pork samples with intrinsic or added carnosine; fat content; and cooked under low or high intensity as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial were digested in‐vitro. Changes in free carnosine and in markers of lipid (hexanal, 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein (protein‐carbonyls, thiols) oxidation, and of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) were determined in the saliva, gastric, and duodenal digests. During digestion, the different markers overall indicated increased oxidation and decreased free carnosine. Increasing pork carnosine level significantly reduced protein carbonyls, loss of thiols, and 4‐HNE during in‐vitro gastric digestion, irrespective of fat and cooking level of the meat. Increased carnosine also significantly reduced hexanal, MDA and CML up to the duodenum phase in moderately cooked lean pork. Besides substantiating the formation of AGEs during digestion, these results show a potentially important role of dietary carnosine occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. Practical applications The ailments epidemiologically associated with red meat consumption could be counteracted by ingesting carnosine into meat. The health advantages of dietary carnosine, however, have never been demonstrated during digestion, a unique and complex oxidative environment compounded by the composition and cooking of the meat. The results obtained substantiated that AGEs formation occurred in‐vitro in the GIT. They also showed that increased carnosine had an immediate health beneficial role during pork digestion in reducing the formation of different harmful molecules, including AGEs, modulated by the composition and cooking of the meat. However, in exerting this protective role in the GIT, the remaining free level of carnosine, gradually decreased during digestion. Carnosine, as an important meat compositional factor may, depending on the fat content and cooking conditions, change the image of meat from representing a health risk to a health benefit. Carnosine level may also explain discrepancies observed in the literature.

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“…Significantly, a group of widely distributed histidine-containing dipeptides, including carnosine ( Scheme 3 ), also possess the ability to provide protection against oxidative stress [ 59 , 60 ]. Carnosine ( 6 ) is a well-established chelating molecule, capable of binding transition metals [ 61 ].…”

Section: Intracellular Distribution Of Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of GSH in Intracellular Iron Trafficking

Hider

Aviles

Chen

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Evidence is reviewed for the role of glutathione in providing a ligand for the cytosolic iron pool. The possibility of histidine and carnosine forming ternary complexes with iron(II)glutathione is discussed and the physiological significance of these interactions considered. The role of carnosine in muscle, brain, and kidney physiology is far from established and evidence is presented that the iron(II)-binding capability of carnosine relates to this role.

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Carnosine—a natural bioactive dipeptide: bioaccessibility, bioavailability and health benefits

Cited by 39 publications

References 73 publications

Comprehensive Circulatory Metabolomics in ME/CFS Reveals Disrupted Metabolism of Acyl Lipids and Steroids

Comprehensive Circulatory Metabolomics in ME/CFS Reveals Disrupted Metabolism of Acyl Lipids and Steroids

Protective effects of dietary carnosine during in‐vitro digestion of pork differing in fat content and cooking conditions

The Role of GSH in Intracellular Iron Trafficking

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