Carob fruit extract-enriched meat, as preventive and curative treatments, improves gut microbiota and colonic barrier integrity in a late-stage T2DM model

Macho-González, Adrián; Garcimartín, Alba; Redondo, Noemí; Cofrades, Susana; Bastida, Sara; Nova, Esther; Benedı́, Juana; Sánchez‐Muniz, Francisco J.; Marcos, Ascensión; López-Oliva, María Elvira

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110124

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…56 In addition, tight junction proteins including ZO1, occludin and claudin1 are crucial for the maintenance of epithelial gut barrier function. 57 Carob, 58 grape seed, 59 cocoa 60 and fermented blueberry pomace 56 have been found to regulate epithelial gut barrier function by increasing the expression of ZO1, occludin and claudin1 proteins, consistent with previous findings that PSP supplementation improves colon morphology and increases the expression of ZO1, claudin1 and occludin in T2D mice. The results suggest that PSP improves gut barrier integrity at least partially by maintaining tight junction protein expression and restoring the normal colonic histological morphology, which will potentially help to alleviate the symptoms of T2D.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Peanut skin procyanidins ameliorate insulin resistance via modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier in type 2 diabetic mice

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND Peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) have been shown to possess antidiabetic activities. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood due to its low bioavailability. This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of PSP on type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice through regulating gut microbiota and gut barrier in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T2D. During the 30 consecutive days of the study, T2D mice were administered PSP intragastrically at 75, 150 and 300 mg kg−1 body weight d−1. RESULTS PSP treatment obviously alleviated glucolipid metabolism disorders, decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)‐6 and myeloperoxidase(MPO), and increased that of IL‐10. PSP treatment enhanced the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alloprevotella, Akkermansia and Faecalibaculum, and reduced that of Muribaculaceae. Some of these were associated with the production of short‐chain fatty acids and anti‐inflammatory effect, suggesting their important roles in T2D mice. More importantly, PSP improved the gut barrier integrality by restoring gut morphology and enhancing tight junction protein expression including ZO1, claudin1 and occludin in colon. Subsequently, PSP ameliorated insulin resistance by decreasing the LPS/Toll‐like receptor 4/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inflammatory response, and enhancing insulin receptor substrate 1/ phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B insulin signaling pathways in the liver. CONCLUSION Peanut skin procyanidins may alleviate the symptoms of T2D by mitigating inflammatory response, modulating gut microbiota and improving intestinal integrity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Peanut skin procyanidins ameliorate insulin resistance via modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier in type 2 diabetic mice

et al. 2022

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“…Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of the consumption of PAs from foods or extracts on the GM of animals with diet-induced MS. A critical aspect of these studies is the timing of the introduction of PAs into the diet. In this sense, three alternatives are differentiated: (1) PAs are introduced before starting the consumption of the MS-inducing diet (t < 0) [ 59 ]; (2) PAs are introduced at the same time as the MS-inducing diet (t = 0) [ 12 , 56 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]; and (3) PAs are introduced into the diet when the pathology is already established (t > 0) [ 61 , 67 , 68 ]. However, in alternatives 1 and 2 (t < 0 and t = 0), PAs are used as a prevention strategy for MS; alternative 3 (t > 0) deals with a treatment strategy for MS.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Modulation By Dietary Proanthocyanidins In Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in other prominent butyrate producers such as Allobaculum sp. [ 12 ] and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii [ 61 ] has also been detected after PA intake as a preventive strategy (t = 0), compared with an MS control group. Allobaculum sp.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Modulation By Dietary Proanthocyanidins In Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidins: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Action Mechanisms in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

Redondo-Castillejo

Garcimartín

Hernández-Martín

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, which increase the probability of causing premature mortality. The consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) is a major driver of the rising incidence of MS. In fact, the altered interplay between HFD, microbiome, and the intestinal barrier is being considered as a possible origin of MS. Consumption of proanthocyanidins (PAs) has a beneficial effect against the metabolic disturbances in MS. However, there are no conclusive results in the literature about the efficacy of PAs in improving MS. This review allows a comprehensive validation of the diverse effects of the PAs on the intestinal dysfunction in HFD-induced MS, differentiating between preventive and therapeutic actions. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of PAs on the gut microbiota, providing a system to facilitate comparison between the studies. PAs can modulate the microbiome toward a healthy profile and strength barrier integrity. Nevertheless, to date, published clinical trials to verify preclinical findings are scarce. Finally, the preventive consumption of PAs in MS-associated dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction induced by HFD seems more successful than the treatment strategy.

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“…This carob fruit extract-enriched meat was associated with lower glycaemia and higher blood insulin levels as well as favorable changes in pancreatic beta cells and liver glycogen storage and steatosis [ 101 ]. Furthermore, some beneficial effects on gut microbiota, an increase in short-chain fatty acid production in the colon, and an improvement of colonic barrier integrity have been observed [ 102 ]. The favorable effects of carob’s fruit extract-enriched meat on glycemia and insulinemia were accompanied by significant ameliorations in growth rate, blood lipid profile, steatosis and liver oxidation as well [ 103 ].…”

Section: Effects On Metabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carob: A Sustainable Opportunity for Metabolic Health

Gioxari

Amerikanou

Nestoridi

et al. 2022

Foods

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Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree that belongs to the Leguminosae family and grows in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. The carob tree is resistant to droughts and salinity, while its deep root systems allow CO2 to sink, mitigating global warming effects. Traditionally, carob has been used to produce animal feed, but for many years, it was excluded from the human diet. Nowadays, agricultural and industrial sectors exploit carob fruit, also referred to as carob pod, and its primary products (i.e., flour, powder and syrup) to develop a variety of foods and beverages. The nutritional composition varies depending on the carob part but also on genetic, cultivar, seasonal and environmental factors. Despite the high sugar content, the carob pod is rich in insoluble fiber and microconstituents including phenolic compounds, inositols (mainly d-pinitol) and vitamins. In the present review article, we aimed to (a) highlight the role of carob cultivation in addressing climate change challenges and the need for sustainability, and (b) summarize the effects of carob consumption on obesity and related metabolic disorders.

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Carob fruit extract-enriched meat, as preventive and curative treatments, improves gut microbiota and colonic barrier integrity in a late-stage T2DM model

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Peanut skin procyanidins ameliorate insulin resistance via modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier in type 2 diabetic mice

Peanut skin procyanidins ameliorate insulin resistance via modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier in type 2 diabetic mice

Proanthocyanidins: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Action Mechanisms in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

Carob: A Sustainable Opportunity for Metabolic Health

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