Carotenoids

Jucker, E.; Karrer, P.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7317

Cited by 138 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Additional evidence to support this possibility were the similar expression levels of cpLCY-B at six maturing stages of papaya fruits from both yellow-and red-fleshed cultivars as detected by RT-PCR and qPCR analyses. The complete conversion of lycopene to carotenoids in yellow-fleshed papaya and the partial conversion of lycopene to carotenoids in red-fleshed papaya indicated an alternative pathway for converting lycopene to β-carotene as has been noted in tomato [5,26]. The cpLCY-B is likely responsible for converting part of the lycopene to β-carotene in red-fleshed fruit and also contributing to the complete degradation of lycopene in yellow-fleshed fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two flesh colors, yellow and red, of papaya fruit are controlled by a single gene with yellow color as dominant [3,4]. It has been previously documented that yellow-fleshed fruits have high amounts of the carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin and ζ-carotene but lack lycopene, whereas red-fleshed fruits have high amounts of lycopene along with β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and ζ-carotene [2,5,6]. The red color of papaya fruit is due to the accumulation of lycopene; the yellow color is the result of converting lycopene to β -carotene and β-cryptoxanthin [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue differential expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene in papaya

Skelton

Srinivasan

et al. 2006

Cell Res

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Carotene pigments in flowers and fruits are distinct features related to fitness advantages such as attracting insects for pollination and birds for seed dispersal. In papaya, the flesh color of the fruit is considered a quality trait that correlates with nutritional value and is linked to shelf-life of the fruit. To elucidate the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in papaya, we took a candidate gene approach to clone the lycopene b-cyclase gene, LCY-B. A papaya LCY-B ortholog, cpLCY-B, was successfully identified from both cDNA and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries and complete genomic sequence was obtained from the positive BAC including the promoter region. This cpLCY-B shared 80% amino acid identity with citrus LCY-B. However, full genomic sequences from both yellow-and red-fleshed papaya were identical. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed similar levels of expression at six different maturing stages of fruits for both yellow-and red-fleshed genotypes. Further expression analyses of cpLCY-B showed that its expression levels were seven-and three-fold higher in leaves and, respectively, flowers than in fruits, suggesting that cpLCY-B is down-regulated during the fruit ripening process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue differential expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene in papaya

Skelton

Srinivasan

et al. 2006

Cell Res

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“…Lutein was the principal constituent, equivalent to 1.9 ,ug/g, while lutein epoxide was present to the extent of 1. 6 Aglg and carotenes to the extent of 0.7 ,uglg. No other carotenes were detected, even upon extraction of large amounts of material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Light and Darkness on Biosynthesis of Carotenoid Pigments in Wheat Seedlings

Wolf¹

1963

Plant Physiol.

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“…Step-wise degradation by oxidation with alkaline potassium permanganate or chromic acid as well as ozonolysis were used to obtain larger fragments that could be used to deduce the carotenoid structure [4]. The formula of lycopene was even confirmed in 1935 by obtaining long-chain degradation products through chromic acid oxidation [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Carotenoid oxidation products were first used as tools for the structural identification of carotenoids [4]. Carotenoids were oxidized expressly to form small fragments which could be analyzed with the techniques available at the time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carotenoid oxidation products: From villain to saviour?

Carail¹,

Caris-Veyrat²

2006

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Carotenoid oxidation products have various structures, among which epoxides and apo-or seco-carotenoids are the two main families. Although both these compound types are widely found in the natural world, the sensitivity of carotenoids to oxidation means they can also be an unwanted presence in in vitro assays. On the other hand, carotenoid oxidation products have also provided chemists with useful chemical tools for the structural identification of carotenoids, and in the natural world they are important biological mediators for plants and animals. In vitro, carotenoid oxidation products have been found to exert various effects which are either potentially beneficial or, on the contrary, detrimental to human health. However, to date, few carotenoid oxidation products have been found in humans.In order to isolate and characterize carotenoid oxidation products and identify their mechanism of formation, we set up two chemical oxidation systems. Lycopene was oxidized with potassium permanganate in a biphasic system to produce the fullest possible range of apo-lycopenals and some diapocarotene-dials. Biomimetic chemical systems of a heminic enzyme center were shown to oxidize lycopene and β-carotene into different families of molecules. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array-UV/vis detector and a mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-DAD-MS) was used to gain insight into the possible mechanisms of formation of the carotenoid oxidation products formed by these biomimetic systems.

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Carotenoids

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

Tissue differential expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene in papaya

Tissue differential expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene in papaya

Effects of Light and Darkness on Biosynthesis of Carotenoid Pigments in Wheat Seedlings

Carotenoid oxidation products: From villain to saviour?

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