Carrageenan and agaran structures from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus tenuis

Recalde, Mercedes Pérez; Canelón, Dilsia J.; Compagnone, Reinaldo S.; Matulewicz, Marı́a C.; Cerezo, Alberto S.; Ciancia, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.007

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Galactans from red seaweeds possess structures based on a linear chain of alternating 3-linked β -D-galactopyranose residues (A units) and 4-linked α -D- or α -L-galactopyranose residues or its 3,6-anhydro derivative (B units). These galactans are mainly classified as carrageenans, in which the B unit belongs to the D series, and agarans, in which the B unit is in the L configuration [ 34 ]. “Agaran” refers to polysaccharides with a backbone of [→3) β - d -Gal-(1→4)-(3,6-An)- α - l -Gal].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization and Repair Mechanism of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Sulfated Polysaccharides of Different Molecular Weights on Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells

Guo

Sun

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Natural Gracilaria lemaneiformis sulfated polysaccharide (GLP0, molecular weight = 622 kDa) was degraded by H2O2 to obtain seven degraded fragments, namely, GLP1, GLP2, GLP3, GLP4, GLP5, GLP6, and GLP7, with molecular weights of 106, 49.6, 10.5, 6.14, 5.06, 3.71, and 2.42 kDa, respectively. FT-IR and NMR results indicated that H2O2 degradation does not change the structure of GLP polysaccharides, whereas the content of the characteristic −OSO3H group (13.46% ± 0.10%) slightly increased than that of the natural polysaccharide (13.07%) after degradation. The repair effects of the polysaccharide fractions on oxalate-induced damaged human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were compared. When 60 μg/mL of each polysaccharide was used to repair the damaged HK-2 cells, cell viability increased and the cell morphology was restored, as determined by HE staining. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase released decreased from 16.64% in the injured group to 7.55%–13.87% in the repair groups. The SOD activity increased, and the amount of MDA released decreased. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential evidently increased. All polysaccharide fractions inhibited S phase arrest through the decreased percentage of cells in the S phase and the increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. These results reveal that all GLP fractions exhibited repair effect on oxalate-induced damaged HK-2 cells. The repair ability is closely correlated with the molecular weight of the fractions. GLP2 with molecular weight of about 49.6 kDa exhibited the strongest repair effect, and GLP with higher or lower molecular weight than 49.6 kDa showed decreased repair ability. Our results can provide references for inhibiting the formation of kidney stones and developing original anti-stone polysaccharide drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization and Repair Mechanism of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Sulfated Polysaccharides of Different Molecular Weights on Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells

Guo

Sun

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…A small amount of non-cyclized carrageenans mostly of the nu-type was also obtained. Besides, 12% of these galactans are agaran structures, which were present in major quantities in the room temperature water extracts, but they were also found in the hot water extract (Recalde et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, some representatives of red algae -such as Grateloupia indica (Halymeniaceae) (Sen et al, 2002), Digenea simplex (Rhodomelaceae) (Takano, Shiomoto, Kamei, Hara, & Hirase, 2003) and Callophyllis variegate (Kallymeniaceae) (Rodriguez et al, 2005) are sources of polysaccharides with unusual D/L-hybrid structure, i.e., comprising both agar and carrageenan. The presence of agarans and/or agaran D/L-hybrid galactans as minor components of the polysaccharides of many carrageenophytes is a general phenomenon in red seaweeds (Recalde et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis and cytokine-induced activity of gelling sulfated polysaccharide from the cystocarpic plants of Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis

Kravchenko

Anastyuk

Sokolova

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…However, it has recently been shown that some carrageenophytes also synthesize considerable amounts of agaran or DL-hybrid galactans. 223 No organic synthesis of agaran has yet been reported.…”

Section: Agaransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Related to the Cell Walls of Plants and Algae

et al. 2017

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Plant cell walls are composed of an intricate network of polysaccharides and proteins that varies during the developmental stages of the cell. This makes it very challenging to address the functions of individual wall components in cells, especially for highly complex glycans. Fortunately, structurally defined oligosaccharides can be used as models for the glycans, to study processes such as cell wall biosynthesis, polysaccharide deposition, protein-carbohydrate interactions, and cell-cell adhesion. Synthetic chemists have focused on preparing such model compounds, as they can be produced in good quantities and with high purity. This Review contains an overview of those plant and algal polysaccharides that have been elucidated to date. The majority of the content is devoted to detailed summaries of the chemical syntheses of oligosaccharide fragments of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and arabinogalactans, as well as glycans unique to algae. Representative synthetic routes within each class are discussed in detail, and the progress in carbohydrate chemistry over recent decades is highlighted.

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Carrageenan and agaran structures from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus tenuis

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Structural Characterization and Repair Mechanism of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Sulfated Polysaccharides of Different Molecular Weights on Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells

Structural Characterization and Repair Mechanism of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Sulfated Polysaccharides of Different Molecular Weights on Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells

Structural analysis and cytokine-induced activity of gelling sulfated polysaccharide from the cystocarpic plants of Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis

Chemical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Related to the Cell Walls of Plants and Algae

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