Carrageenans and carrageenases: versatile polysaccharides and promising marine enzymes

Ghanbarzadeh, Mehri; Golmoradizadeh, Asma; Homaei, Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s11101-018-9548-2

Cited by 89 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…Other species like Eucheuma denticulatum and Chondrus crispus had 30% yields. Sulfate content of carrageenans varied depends on the types (20% in κappa, 33% in ioda and 41% in λ) [32]. The molecular weight of commercially values carrageen in the range of 100 to 800 kDa was recorded [25] and low molecule weights possess more bioactivity properties [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds

et al. 2020

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In recent times, there has been a growing interest in the exploration of antioxidants and global trend toward the usage of seaweeds in the food industries. The low molecular weight up to 14 kDa sulfated polysaccharides of seaweeds (Portieria hornemannii, Spyridia hypnoides, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Centroceras clavulatum and Padina pavonica) were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities and cytotoxic assay using HeLa cell line and also characterized by FTIR. The high yield (7.74% alga dry wt.) of sulfated polysaccharide was observed in P. hornemannii followed by S. hypnoides (0.69%), C. clavulaum (0.55%) and A. taxiformis (0.17%). In the brown seaweed P. pavonica, the sulfated polysaccharide yield was 2.07%. High amount of sulfate was recorded in the polysaccharide of A. taxiformis followed by C. clavulaum, P. pavonica, S. hypnoides and P. hornemannii as indicative for bioactivity. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis supports the sulfated polysaccharides of S. hypnoides, C. clavulatum and A. taxiformis are similar to agar polymer whereas the spectral characteristics of P. hornemannii have similarities to carrageenan. The higher DPPH activity and reducing power were recorded in the polysaccharide of brown seaweed P. pavonica than the red seaweeds as follows: DPPH activities: S. hypnoides > A. taxiformis > C. clavulatum > P. hornimanii; Reducing power: A. taxiformis > P. hornimanii > S. hypnoides > C. clavulatum. The polysaccharide fractions contain up to 14 kDa from red seaweeds P. hornemannii and S. hypnoides followed by brown seaweed P. pavonica exhibit cytotoxic activity in HeLa cancer cell line (and are similar to structural properties of carrageenan extracted from P. hornemannii). The low molecular weight agar like polymer of S. hypnoides and alginate like brown seaweed P. pavonica showing better in vitro antioxidant activities that are capable of exhibiting cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line can be taken up further in-depth investigation for nutraceutical study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds

et al. 2020

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“…Enzymatic hydrolysis is seen as the best option for producing AOS and COS for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Therefore, demand for hydrolytic enzymes is growing rapidly, and this demand is driving research on enzymes that are inexpensive, highly specific, and that have high activity levels [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Production Of Oligosaccharide From Red Seaweedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligosaccharides Derived from Red Seaweed: Production, Properties, and Potential Health and Cosmetic Applications

et al. 2018

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Because of their potential use as functional ingredients in human nutrition, oligosaccharides derived from natural sources are receiving paramount consideration. Red seaweed, a proven rich source of agar and carrageenan, is one of the most abundantly present sources of such oligosaccharides. Agaro-oligosaccharides (AOS) and carrageenan-oligosaccharides (COS) are produced from agar and carrageenan, respectively, through chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses. Enzymatic hydrolysis of agar and carrageenan into oligosaccharides is preferred in industrial production because of certain problems associated with chemical hydrolysis, including the release of high amounts of monosaccharides and undesirable toxic products, such as furfural. AOS and COS possess many biological activities, including prebiotic, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. These activities are related to their chemical structure, molecular weight, degree of polymerization, and the flexibility of the glycosidic linkages. Therefore, the structure–function relationship and the mechanisms occurring during the specific biological applications of AOS and COS are discussed herein. Moreover, the chromatographic separation, purification, and characterization of AOS and COS are also part of this review. This piece of writing strives to create a new perspective on the potential applications of AOS and COS in the functional food and pharmaceutical industry.

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“…A number of review papers are available on marine polysaccharides and their degradation products. There are also reviews on various polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, but these have typically focused on only one type of enzyme (Ghanbarzadeh, Golmoradizadeh, & Homaei, 2018;Oyeleye & Normi, 2018;Thadathil & Velappan, 2014;. Hehemann et al reviewed various polysaccharide-degrading enzymes but focused only on structure-function relationships (Hehemann, Boraston, & Czjzek, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects

Sun

Gao

Xue

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes have recently been studied extensively. They are particularly interesting as they catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharide macromolecules and produce oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization. Numerous findings have demonstrated that marine polysaccharides and their biotransformed products possess beneficial properties including antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and they have great value in healthcare, cosmetics, the food industry, and agriculture. Exploitation of enzymes that can degrade marine polysaccharides is in the ascendant, and is important for high-value use of marine biomass resources. In this review, we describe research and prospects regarding the classification, biochemical properties, and catalytic mechanisms of the main types of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes, focusing on chitinase, chitosanase, alginate lyase, agarase, and carrageenase, and their product oligosaccharides. The state-of-the-art discussion of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and their properties offers information that might enable more efficient production of marine oligosaccharides. We also highlight current problems in the field of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and trends in their development. Understanding the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and modification of known enzymes will aid the identification of novel enzymes to degrade marine polysaccharides and facilitation of their use in various biotechnological processes. K E Y W O R D S agarase, alginate lyase, carrageenase, chitinase, chitosanase 1 INTRODUCTION Ocean occupies >70% of the global surface, and the vast oceanic water environment has spawned large and complex marine ecosystems with rich biodiversity. There is a wide variety of marine resources, however, they are largely unexploited. This situation makes the marine environment very attractive for bioprospecting to discover new functions and molecules (Arnaud-Haond, Arrieta, & Duarte, 2011). Research into marine compounds, especially polysaccharides from renewable biomass, is attracting increasing attention. Polysaccharides make up one of the largest

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Carrageenans and carrageenases: versatile polysaccharides and promising marine enzymes

Cited by 89 publications

References 257 publications

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds

Oligosaccharides Derived from Red Seaweed: Production, Properties, and Potential Health and Cosmetic Applications

Marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects

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