CARRS Surveillance study: design and methods to assess burdens from multiple perspectives

Nair, Manisha; Ali, Mohammed K.; Ajay, Vamadevan S.; Shivashankar, Roopa; Mohan, Viswanathan; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Deepa, Mohan; Khan, Hassan; Kadir, Muhammad Masood; Fatmi, Zafar; Reddy, K. Srinath; Tandon, Nikhil; Narayan, K.M. Venkat; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-701

Cited by 122 publications

(167 citation statements)

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“…24 The methods, participant recruitment, data collection in CARRS cohort study are published in detail elsewhere 24 Briefly, participants were recruited by multi-stage cluster random sampling technique stratified by gender and city of residence. Primary sampling units(PSUs) were wards or larger municipal subdivisions for Delhi and Chennai respectively while, clusters were the PSUs for Karachi.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to account for changes that may have happened in the interim, we manually listed and mapped all households in each CEB before randomly selecting them. 24,25 The "Kish Method", used in the WHO's STEPS surveys, 26 was used to select two participants (one male and one female), aged 20 years or older from each household. Pregnant women, bed-ridden individuals and persons unable to understand the questionnaire due to severe mental illness were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Sleep Duration and Disturbances With Hypertension in Metropolitan Cities of Delhi, Chennai, and Karachi in South Asia: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the CARRS Study

Shivashankar

Kondal

Ali

et al. 2017

Sleep

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Abstract:Objectives: Sleep duration and disturbances may be risk factors for hypertension. Despite the high burden of hypertension in South Asia, little is known about this relationship in this region.Methods: We analyzed population-level cross-sectional data from the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) study that recruited representative samples of adults ≥ 20 years from three cities-Delhi, Chennai (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) during 2010-11. We defined hypertension as self-reported treatment or measured blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90mmHg. Data on usual duration of sleep, insomnia and snoring were collected using "The Sleep Habits Questionnaire" and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) using Epworth Sleepiness Score. Logistic and linear regression were done with hypertension and BP as outcome variables, respectively. Age, sex, education, wealth index, family history, and body mass index (BMI) were included as covariates. We used multiple imputation to account for missing variables. Conclusion: Self-reported snoring and insomnia were associated with hypertension in South Asia. This relationship needs further exploration through robust longitudinal studies in this region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Sleep Duration and Disturbances With Hypertension in Metropolitan Cities of Delhi, Chennai, and Karachi in South Asia: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the CARRS Study

Shivashankar

Kondal

Ali

et al. 2017

Sleep

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“…The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recently supported a project aimed to develop such a model for South Asia. 44 This model is designed to generate information on both the secular trends in CVD risk factors in the population (repeat cross-sectional surveys) and the trajectories of these risk factors (a cohort model) in a representative sample population. Another large CVD surveillance study involving 40 000 individuals is ongoing in a rural area, ie, the Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh (D. Prabhakaran, unpublished data, 2014).…”

Section: Establishing a Robust Surveillance Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Diseases in India

2016

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Abstract-Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have now become the leading cause of mortality in India. A quarter of all mortality is attributable to CVD. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the predominant causes and are responsible for >80% of CVD deaths. The Global Burden of Disease study estimate of age-standardized CVD death rate of 272 per 100 000 population in India is higher than the global average of 235 per 100 000 population. Some aspects of the CVD epidemic in India are particular causes of concern, including its accelerated buildup, the early age of disease onset in the population, and the high case fatality rate. In India, the epidemiological transition from predominantly infectious disease conditions to noncommunicable diseases has occurred over a rather brief period of time. Premature mortality in terms of years of life lost because of CVD in India increased by 59%, from 23.2 million (1990) to 37 million (2010). Despite wide heterogeneity in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors across different regions, CVD has emerged as the leading cause of death in all parts of India, including poorer states and rural areas. The progression of the epidemic is characterized by the reversal of socioeconomic gradients; tobacco use and low fruit and vegetable intake have become more prevalent among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds frequently do not receive optimal therapy, leading to poorer outcomes. Countering the epidemic requires the development of strategies such as the formulation and effective implementation of evidencebased policy, reinforcement of health systems, and emphasis on prevention, early detection, and treatment with the use of both conventional and innovative techniques. Several ongoing community-based studies are testing these strategies.

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“…6,7,35,36,37 The higher visceral fat values showed equal gender distribution but ratio of such males to total males in our group was higher. Thus indicating greater prevalence of visceral obesity among males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Various studies have been conducted in this respect [30][31][32]33,35,36,37 however no such study is reported from Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index; Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat Distribution and Its Relation to Body Mass Index in Clinical Setting Using Bio-Impedance Body Composition Monitor

Kitchlew¹,

Chachar²,

Latif³

2017

TPMJ

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ABSTRACT… Background: Asians compared to Europeans are known to be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Obesity is a global cardio metabolic health and cancer risk. There is paucity of data regarding obesity in our local population. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate Body Mass Index (BMI). Visceral fat content and body fat percentage using Bio-impedance body composition monitor. Thus to identify overweight and obese individuals with high visceral and body fat content the risk factors for cardio metabolic syndrome. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Outpatient Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Period: 15 th January to 20 th March 2016. Material and Method: 250 patients above 18 years of age who reported in outdoor department were enrolled after informed consent in local language according to enrollment criteria. Approved by ethical review committee reference number FMS-2-2016-IRB-M-111. Their height and weight were measured and BMI, visceral fat content and body fat percentage was calculated using bioimpedance body composition monitor. They were asked questions for pertinent co-morbidities. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Out of 250 patients enrolled 144 (58 %) were females and 106 (42 %) were males. Mean age was 45 ±13 years. Mean BMI was 29kg/m 2 . Above normal BMI was seen in 170 (68%), 98(39%) were obese (BMI>30kg/ m2) and 80 (32%) overweight ). Above normal visceral fat content and body fat percentage was seen in 110(44 %) and 191(76%) respectively. In the later group 100(67%) were females. Diabetes and hypertension were present in 63(64%) obese patients among 30(73%) with high visceral fat and in 90(60%) with high body fat percentage. Conclusion: A significant number of patients were overweight or obese with above normal visceral fat content and body fat percentage with female dominance in later group. They also had higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Bio-impedance technique is useful simple inexpensive tool for initial assessment of visceral and body fat content in outdoor facility. Key words:Pakistan, Obesity, Visceral fat, Body fat percentage, Bio-impedance monitor, Hypertension, Diabetes Article Citation: Kitchlew R, Chachar AZK, Latif S. Body Mass Index; Visceral fat and total body fat distribution and its relation to body mass index in clinical setting using bioimpedance body composition monitor. Professional Med J 2017;24(2):326-334.

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CARRS Surveillance study: design and methods to assess burdens from multiple perspectives

Cited by 122 publications

References 39 publications

Associations of Sleep Duration and Disturbances With Hypertension in Metropolitan Cities of Delhi, Chennai, and Karachi in South Asia: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the CARRS Study

Associations of Sleep Duration and Disturbances With Hypertension in Metropolitan Cities of Delhi, Chennai, and Karachi in South Asia: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the CARRS Study

Cardiovascular Diseases in India

Body Mass Index; Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat Distribution and Its Relation to Body Mass Index in Clinical Setting Using Bio-Impedance Body Composition Monitor

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