Cascading and pulse-like ruptures during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes in the Eastern California Shear Zone

Chen, Kejie; Avouac, Jean Philippe; Aati, Saif; Milliner, C. W. D.; Zheng, Fu; Shi, Chuang

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13750-w

Cited by 97 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The sequence of stress jumps caused by the M6.4 quake and its subsequent events resulted in an increase of roughly 2 bars. This value is not surprising and is comparable to that obtained in previous studies 2,5 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Were changes in stress state responsible for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes?

Nanjo

2020

Nat Commun

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Monitoring the Earth's stress state plays a role in our understanding of an earthquake's mechanism and in the distribution of hazards. Crustal deformation due to the July 2019 earthquake sequence in Ridgecrest (California) that culminated in a preceding quake of magnitude (M) 6.4 and a subsequent M7.1 quake caused stress perturbation in a nearby region, but implications of future seismicity are still uncertain. Here, the occurrence of small earthquakes is compared to larger ones, using b-values, showing that the rupture initiation from an area of low b-values, indicative of high stress, was common to both M6.4 and M7.1 quakes. The post-M7.1-quake sequence reveals that another low-b-value zone, which avoided its ruptured area, fell into an area near the Garlock fault that hosted past large earthquakes. If this area were more stressed, there would be a high-likelihood of further activation of seismicity that might influence the Garlock fault.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The M6.4 quake ruptured conjugate faults: the 6-km-long northwest-trending fault first slipped, followed by a slip in thẽ 15-km-long southwest-trending fault 1,2 . The initial portion of the M6.4 quake terminated about 4 km from the eventual M7.1 hypocenter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Were changes in stress state responsible for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes?

Nanjo

2020

Nat Commun

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“…Comparing to other studies regarding this earthquake sequence 20,23,43 , the predicted focal mechanisms by our FMNet are essentially consistent with previous results. All these results demonstrate that the proposed FMNet enables us to determine the source focal mechanisms effectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Real-time determination of earthquake focal mechanism via deep learning

Kuang

Yuan²,

Zhang

2020

Preprint

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An immediate report of the source focal mechanism with full automation after a destructive earthquake is crucial for timely characterizing the faulting geometry, evaluating the stress perturbation, and assessing the aftershock patterns. Advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been introduced to solve various problems in real-time seismology, but the real-time source focal mechanism is still a challenge. Here we propose a novel deep learning method namely Focal Mechanism Network (FMNet) to address this problem. The FMNet trained with 787,320 synthetic samples successfully estimates the focal mechanisms of four 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes with magnitude larger than Mw 5.4. The network learns the global waveform characteristics from theoretical data, thereby allowing the extensive applications of the proposed method to regions of potential seismic hazards with or without historical earthquake data. After receiving data, the network takes less than two hundred milliseconds for predicting the source focal mechanism reliably on a single CPU.

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“…The 5 July M 7.1 earthquake occurred about 34 hr later and 7 km to the west of the M 6.4 earthquake. The M 7.1 event ruptured a northwest-southeast-striking fault and exhibited right-lateral strike-slip faulting (Liu et al, 2019;Ross, Idini, et al, 2019;Stewart et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Hudnut et al, 2020;Ponti et al, 2020). The earthquakes produced extensive ground rupture along planes consistent with their preferred nodal planes and aftershock alignments (Kendrick et al, 2019).…”

Section: The July 2019 Ridgecrest Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there is substantial uncertainty in the geometric representations of many fault zones given a lack of subsurface data. The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence (Liu et al, 2019;Ross, Idini, et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Hudnut et al, 2020;Ponti et al, 2020) is a clear example of the need to expand and refine these models. The M 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes and their associated foreshocks and aftershocks occurred on faults broadly within the regional Little Lake fault zone associated with a series of highly segmented fault traces (Wills, 1988) with evidence of previous activity (Kozaci et al, 2019;Thompson Jobe et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed 3D Fault Representations for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence

Plesch

Shaw

Ross

et al. 2020

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We present new 3D source fault representations for the 2019 M 6.4 and M 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. These representations are based on relocated hypocenter catalogs expanded by template matching and focal mechanisms for M 4 and larger events. Following the approach of Riesner et al. (2017), we generate reproducible 3D fault geometries by integrating hypocenter, nodal plane, and surface rupture trace constraints. We used the southwest–northeast-striking nodal plane of the 4 July 2019 M 6.4 event to constrain the initial representation of the southern Little Lake fault (SLLF), both in terms of location and orientation. The eastern Little Lake fault (ELLF) was constrained by the 5 July 2019 M 7.1 hypocenter and nodal planes of M 4 and larger aftershocks aligned with the main trend of the fault. The approach follows a defined workflow that assigns weights to a variety of geometric constraints. These main constraints have a high weight relative to that of individual hypocenters, ensuring that small aftershocks are applied as weaker constraints. The resulting fault planes can be considered averages of the hypocentral locations respecting nodal plane orientations. For the final representation we added detailed, field-mapped rupture traces as strong constraints. The resulting fault representations are generally smooth but nonplanar and dip steeply. The SLLF and ELLF intersect at nearly right angles and cross on another. The ELLF representation is truncated at the Airport Lake fault to the north and the Garlock fault to the south, consistent with the aftershock pattern. The terminations of the SLLF representation are controlled by aftershock distribution. These new 3D fault representations are available as triangulated surface representations, and are being added to a Community Fault Model (CFM; Plesch et al., 2007, 2019; Nicholson et al., 2019) for wider use and to derived products such as a CFM trace map and viewer (Su et al., 2019).

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Cascading and pulse-like ruptures during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes in the Eastern California Shear Zone

Cited by 97 publications

References 49 publications

Were changes in stress state responsible for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes?

Were changes in stress state responsible for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes?

Real-time determination of earthquake focal mechanism via deep learning

Detailed 3D Fault Representations for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence

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