Case report: MRI findings with CNS blastomycosis in three domestic cats

Hecht, Silke; Michaels, Jennifer; Simon, Heather

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.966853

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In dogs T2 BOE was only reported in one study, where it was detected during the chronic stage of intracerebral hemorrhage, while T2 shine‐through was more commonly found in the early subacute stage 4 . In cats this phenomenon has recently been described in fungal granulomas caused by central nervous system blastomycosis 15 . Thus, T2 BOE is currently poorly described in small animals and intracerebral hemorrhages and would be potentially useful in staging hemorrhagic lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Magnetic resonance imaging features of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages in dogs show a significant association between apparent diffusion coefficient peripheral layer and estimated bleeding age and commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect

Marazzi,

Carloni,

Moioli

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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In humans, intracranial hematomas commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect (BOE) with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Published descriptions of comparable findings in dogs with intracerebral hemorrhages are lacking. Aims of this retrospective observational study were to describe the appearance of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages (PICHs) in DWI regardless of the underlying etiology and presence of T2 blackout effect (T2 BOE) in dogs and to test potential associations with DWI and ADC findings versus the estimated age of the hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of dogs with presumed PICHs based on the combined evaluation of T2*W gradient echo and/or susceptibility‐weighted imaging, T1W and T2W images were enrolled. The age of the hemorrhage was estimated according to published criteria based on T1W and T2W sequences. The association between the age of the hemorrhage and the appearance of each finding (stratified or mixed), their signal intensities in DWI/ADC and the presence of the T2 BOE, was evaluated. A total of 35 PICHs were included: 13 of them were stratified and 22 had a mixed aspect. Only the ADC appearance of the peripheral layer in stratified PICHs was significantly associated with estimated age of the hemorrhage (p = .033), being hypointense in all hyperacute cases and hypo‐/isointense in acute cases. The T2 BOE was present in 29/35 PICHs. The DWI sequences showed limited utility to date PICHs in this study population. As in humans, the T2 BOE was commonly seen in DWI and ADC maps of dogs with PICHs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…4 In cats this phenomenon has recently been described in fungal granulomas caused by central nervous system blastomycosis. 15 Thus, T2 BOE is currently poorly described in small animals and intracerebral hemorrhages and would be potentially useful in staging hemorrhagic lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging features of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages in dogs show a significant association between apparent diffusion coefficient peripheral layer and estimated bleeding age and commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect

Marazzi,

Carloni,

Moioli

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In blastomycosis with CNS involvement, there are focal or multifocal intra-axial masses with dural contact; lesions are hypointense on T2-weighted images and diffusion-weighted imaging, and show severe perilesional oedema and strong homogeneous contrast enhancement. 56 In disseminated phaeohyphomycosis with CNS involvement, there may be focal or multifocal fungal abscesses; MRI features of these lesions in humans - which are likely similar in cats -include irregular walls and intracavitary projections caused by fungal hyphae. 57 Fungal granulomas in cases of cryptococcosis are hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, often with well-defined rim enhancement after contrast administration.…”

Section: General Diagnostic Approach To a Possible Invasive Fungal Or...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Barrs,

Bęczkowski,

Talbot

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Clinical relevance: In contrast to superficial fungal infections, such as dermatophytosis, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. Disease can spread locally within a region or can disseminate haematogenously or via the lymphatics. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. Since fungal spores are airborne, indoor cats are also susceptible to IFIs. Some environmental fungi are ubiquitous and present globally, while others are endemic or hyperendemic within specific geographic regions. Zoonotic pathogens include Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. Aim: In the first of a two-part article series, the approach to the investigation of feline IFIs and oomycoses is reviewed. As well as tips for diagnosis, and information on the ecological niche and distribution of fungal pathogens, the review covers clinical presentation of the most common IFIs, including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, as well as the oomycoses pythiosis, lagenidiosis and paralagenidiosis. In Part 2, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and adverse effects of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis for specific IFIs and oomycoses are discussed. Evidence base: The review draws on published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.

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“…< Prognosis overall, the prognosis is good, but is poorer for cats with CNS involvement. 91,92 Treatment periods of approximately 6 months are required to achieve cure, and relapses can occur. 91 Coccidioidomycosis < First-line therapy FCZ or ITZ monotherapy; FCZ or ITZ combined with AMB for severe disease.…”

Section: Blastomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…✜ Prognosis Overall, the prognosis is good, but is poorer for cats with CNS involve-ment. 91 , 92 Treatment periods of approximately 6 months are required to achieve cure, and relapses can occur. 91 …”

Section: Management Of Invasive Fungal and Fungal-like Infections In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats 2. Antifungal therapy

Barrs,

Hobi,

Wong

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Clinical relevance: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and oomycoses (hereafter termed invasive fungal-like infections [IFLIs]) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. IFIs and IFLIs can be frustrating to treat because long treatment times are usually required and, even after attaining clinical cure, there may be a risk of relapse. Owner compliance with medication administration and recheck examinations can also decline over time. In addition, some antifungal drugs are expensive, have variable interpatient pharmacokinetic properties, can only be administered parenterally and/or have common adverse effects (AEs). Despite these limitations, treatment can be very rewarding, especially when an otherwise progressive and fatal disease is cured. Aim: In the second of a two-part article series, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and AEs of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis of specific IFIs/IFLIs - dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, cryptococcosis, sino-orbital aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, mucormycosis and oomycosis - are discussed. Part 1 reviewed the diagnostic approach to IFIs and IFLIs. Evidence base: Information on antifungal drugs is drawn from pharmacokinetic studies in cats. Where such studies have not been performed, data from ‘preclinical’ animals (non-human studies) and human studies are reviewed. The review also draws on the wider published evidence and the authors’ combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology. Abbreviations for antifungal drugs: AMB (amphotericin B); FC (flucytosine); FCZ (fluconazole); ISA (isavuconazole); ITZ (itraconazole); KCZ (ketoconazole); PCZ (posaconazole); TRB (terbinafine); VCZ (voriconazole).

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Case report: MRI findings with CNS blastomycosis in three domestic cats

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging features of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages in dogs show a significant association between apparent diffusion coefficient peripheral layer and estimated bleeding age and commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect

Magnetic resonance imaging features of presumed intracerebral hemorrhages in dogs show a significant association between apparent diffusion coefficient peripheral layer and estimated bleeding age and commonly exhibit a T2 blackout effect

Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats 2. Antifungal therapy

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